PINACEAE. 461 



Family 1. PINACEAE Lindl. 

 PINE FAMILY. CONIFERS. 



Resinous trees or shrubs, mostly with evergreen narrow entire or scale- 

 like leaves, the wood uniform in texture, without tracheae, the tracheids 

 marked by large depressed disks, the pollen-sacs and ovules borne in 

 separate spikes (aments). Perianth none. Stamens several together, sub- 

 tended by a scale; filaments more or less united; pollen-sacs (anthers) 

 2-several-celled, variously dehiscent; pollen-grains often provided with 

 two lateral inflated sacs. Ovules with two integuments, orthotropous or 

 amphitropous, borne solitary or several together on the surface of a scale, 

 which is subtended by a bract in most genera. Fruit a cone with numerous, 

 several or few, woody, papery or fleshy scales; sometimes berry-like. 

 Seeds wingless or winged. Endosperm fleshy or starchy, copious. Embryo 

 straight, slender. Cotyledons 2 or several. About 25 genera and 250 

 species of wide distribution, most abundant in temperate regions. 



Fruit a large cone with many woody scales ; leaves linear, in sheaths. 1. Pinus. 

 Fruit a berry-like cone of few fleshy scales ; leaves acicular or scale-like. 2. Juniperus. 



1. PINUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1000. 1753. 



Evergreen trees with two kinds of leaves, the primary ones linear or scale- 

 like, deciduous, the secondary ones forming the ordinary foliage, narrowly 

 linear, arising from the axils of the former in fascicles of 2-5 (rarely solitary 

 in some western species), subtended by the bud-scales, some of which are united 

 to form a sheath. Staminate aments (flowers) borne at the bases of shoots of 

 the season, the clusters of stamens spirally arranged, each in the axil of a 

 minute scale; filaments very short; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally 

 dehiscent. Ovule-bearing aments (flowers) solitary or clustered, borne on the 

 twigs of the preceding season, composed of numerous imbricated minute bracts, 

 each with an ovule-bearing scale in its axil, ripening into a large cone, which 

 matures the following autumn, its scales elongating and becoming woody. 

 Seeds 2 on the base of each scale, "winged above, the testa crustaceous. [Name 

 Celtic.] About 100 species, of the northern hemisphere. Type species: Pinus 

 sylvestris L. 



1. Pinus caribaea Morelet, Eev. Hort. Cote d'Or. 1851. 



Pinus lahamensis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. I. 503. 1861. 



A tree, with a maximum height of about 30 m., the trunk up to 1.5 m. in 

 diameter, the thick bark splitting into irregular plates, the stout twigs glabrous. 

 Leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3, dark green, shining, 17-30 cm. long, the sheaths 

 1-1.5 cm. long; staminate aments 2-4 cm. long; ovule-bearing aments mainly 

 terminal; cones narrowly conic when closed, 914 cm. long, their scales thin, 

 nearly flat, rounded at the apex and thickened into a low knob which bears a 

 small spine; seeds 58 mm. long, the thin wing 2-2.5 cm. long. 



Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New Providence, North Caicos and Pine Cay, 

 Caicos Islands : southeastern United States ; Cuba. CARIBBEAN PINE-TREE. 



