EVIDENCES OF GLACIAL MAN IN OHIO. 31 



yet begun to crumble. The specimen was twenty-one feet from 

 the surface of the ground. 



In all these and numerous other cases Dr. Abbott's attention 

 was specially directed to the question of the undisturbed char- 

 acter of the gravel, he having been cautioned upon this point in 

 the early part of his investigations. 



Here it is proper to premise that the apparent monopoly of 

 this evidence by Prof. Putnam and his associates in the Peabody 

 Museum at Cambridge, Mass., has come about by a legitimate 

 and natural process, which at the same time has probably inter- 

 fered to a considerable extent with the general spread of the 

 specific information in hand. Early in the investigations at Tren- 

 ton, Prof. Putnam, who had lately become curator of the museum, 

 with its large fund for prosecuting investigations, satisfied him- 

 self of the genuineness of Dr. Abbott's discoveries, and at once 

 retained him as an assistant in the work of the museum, thus 

 diverting to Cambridge all his discoveries at Trenton. Living on 

 the ground during long-continued and extensive excavations made 

 by the railroad, Dr. Abbott's opportunities were exceptionally 

 favorable ; hence his own prominence in the whole matter. 



It is important also to note that, before taking up with Dr. 

 Abbott's work, Prof. Putnam took ample pains to satisfy himself 



FIG. 2. SECTION ACROSS THE DELAWARE EIVER AT TRENTON, N. J. : a, a, Philadelphia red 

 gravel and brick clay (McGee's Columbia deposit) ; i, 6, Trenton gravel, in which the im- 

 plements are found ; c, present flood plain of the Delaware River (after Lewis). (From 

 Abbott's Primitive Industry.) 



of its character and correctness. In 1878 Prof. J. D. Whitney 

 visited Trenton in company with Mr. Carr, assistant curator of 

 the museum. In the Twelfth Annual Report Mr. Carr writes : 

 " We were fortunate enough to find several of these implements 

 in place. Prof. Whitney has no doubt as to the antiquity of the 

 drift, and we are both in full accord with Dr. Abbott as to the 

 artificial character of many of these implements." In reporting 

 further upon this instance at the meeting of the Boston Society 

 of Natural History, on January 19, 1881, Mr. Carr states that the 

 circumstances were such that " it [i. e., one of the particular im- 

 plements] must have been deposited at the time the containing 

 bed was laid down." In 1879, and again in 1880, Prof. Putnam 

 spent some time at Trenton, and succeeded in finding with his 

 own hands " five unquestionable palaeolithic implements from the 

 gravel, at various depths and at different points." One of these 

 was four feet below the surface soil and one foot in from the per- 

 pendicular face which had just been exposed, and where it was 



