602 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



also condemns very strongly and very properly the foolish habit 

 that obtains on the European continent of extending full pardons 

 to prisoners because a private event has taken place in a royal 

 family, such as the birth of an heir, or the marriage of a prince. 

 Punishment must be steady, equal, and not liable to such acci- 

 dents on which the criminal, generally a fatalist, is apt tq count. 

 Further, it is always well, if it can be hindered, that a released 

 prisoner should not return to his native place or habitual abode. 

 A most special watch ought to be kept over the houses of receiv- 

 ers of stolen goods. These persons, who might be called the capi- 

 talists of crime, almost always go unpunished, and it is just they 

 who should be smitten. The professor has great praise to bestow 

 on the American vigilance committee, an institution he regards 

 as wise in the extreme. He also lauds the English detection sys- 

 tem and the Austrian Vertraute, who render splendid services 

 by giving such persevering chase to criminals. He also proposes 

 the alliance of all nations for the arrest of delinquents, as well as 

 the sequestration of a person who boasts that he has committed a 

 crime. 



Alcoholism is a fruitful source of evil-doing. It is therefore 

 desirable to prevent by all available means the diffusion of the 

 liquor trade, either by exorbitant taxes or by a limitation in pro- 

 duction. The statistics of Switzerland, Sweden, Holland, and 

 certain parts of the United States and England show a very sen- 

 sible diminution of crime since severe laws were enacted against 

 the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks. Feasts, fairs, 

 and markets should be diminished, when they are not called for 

 by special and real commercial reasons. The mass should be 

 educated not only by means of the alphabet, but should be taught 

 elevated ideas with regard to work and personal dignity. Prizes 

 should be instituted for the virtuous, and every aid should be 

 given to extend the helpful labor of postal banks and co-operative 

 stores. Yet another powerful incitement to crime is the public 

 spectacle afforded by courts of jus-tice. Entrance to these should 

 be limited to well-known persons, and the mass be rigorously 

 excluded. The modern tendency, fostered by the press, to make 

 of a malefactor a hero, is greatly to be deprecated, and leads to 

 crimes due to pure imitation, from a desire for notoriety, no mat- 

 ter at what cost. There should positively be forbidden those 

 extended judicial reports in the newspapers, fruitful sources of 

 eventual crime, which the people read with so much avidity. The 

 State ought to promote and protect work in every way it can, for 

 only by work can idleness be conquered, that too potent counselor 

 of crime. 



Lombroso holds that there are certain establishments where 

 the notion of evil is first inculcated, and these, according to him, 



