THE CALUMET IN THE GHAMPLAIN VALLEY. 245 



strongly conical, being three fourths of an inch in diameter across 

 the top and only a sixteenth of an inch at the bottom. On the 

 flat upper side of the stem there are rudely scratched outline fig- 

 ures, as seen at A, and there are also outlines on the rim of the 



FIG. 11. 



bowl. The surface of this pipe is well polished. The inside of 

 the bowl shows both circular and vertical striae. 



Stone tubes, of somewhat different form in different localities, 

 have been found in almost every station which has been carefully 

 searched for archaeological specimens, and few objects have ex- 

 cited greater curiosity than these. Always well made, often of 

 handsomely colored and veined stone, they have been regarded as 

 pipes, musical instruments, medicine tubes, and even telescopes, 

 by different authors. When one examines these tubes he very 

 readily sees that it is more than probable that all can not be 

 placed in the same class, for, not only do they vary in size very 

 widely some being only two inches long and of small diameter, 

 while others are ten, fifteen, and rarely twenty inches in length 

 but the bore is even more variable, in some being as large as the 

 outside will allow, and of uniform size 

 from end to end ; in others it is large at 

 one end and grows smaller toward the 

 opposite end, where it is often of no 

 greater diameter than the bore of some 

 of the pipestems. Very likely the tubes 

 of the first sort were used in the perform- 

 ances of the medicine man, and those last 

 named were used as pipes, as are the very 

 similar pipes smoked to this day by Utes 

 and other West coast tribes. The tubes 

 appear to be everywhere rare, and yet no 

 form of pipe so often occurs in the Cham- 

 plain Valley, especially on the Vermont 

 side. 



Our Vermont tubes have a bore which 

 is very much smaller at one end than at 

 the other, and the small end was, I think, always stopped partially 

 by a rudely ground and imperfectly fitting stone plug, as it cer- 

 tainly was in most cases, for we find the plug in some of the tubes. 

 The general form of the tubes of this region is somewhat differ - 



FlG. 12. 



