FOSSIL MAN. 



623 



thority to belong to the transition period between the Pliocene 

 and Pleistocene. 



In the year 1700, at Cannstadt, Wiirtemberg, Germany, there 

 Avas found a portion of a human skull associated with animal 

 remains. Its value was not known until 1835, when Jaeger recog- 

 nized its importance as evidence of the coexistence of man with 

 the extinct mammals. This appears to have been the first true 

 fossil of man found. 



In 1857 a human skeleton was discovered in a limestone cave 

 in the Neanderthal gorge near Hochdal, between Diisseldorf and 

 Elberfeld, Prussia, associated with remains of extinct mammals. 



Spy 



Man. 



Modern 



Man. 



FIG. 5. SHOWING LEG BONES. (From Fraipont and Lohest.) 



Unfortunately, the value of this find was not known to the work- 

 men who made it, and most of the skeleton was lost. Dr. Fuhl- 

 rott, however, succeeded in securing the cranium, both thigh 

 bones, two arm bones (a right radius and a left humerus), and a 

 hip bone (left ilium). In the same year these were described by 

 Dr. Schaffhausen. All the facial bones were lost. The cranium 

 consists only of that portion situated above the roof of the orbits 

 and the superior occipital ridges. This skull has become famous, 

 and is known as the Neanderthal skull. When first found its re- 

 markable peculiarities gave rise to much discussion. Many nat- 

 uralists considered it a special species or even genus; others con- 



