NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 147 



ing journal representing the same church, took pains to show the 

 evolution theory to be as contrary to the explicit declarations of 

 the New Testament as to those of the Old, and said : " If we have 

 all, men and monkeys, oysters and eagles, developed from an 

 original germ, then is St. Paul's grand deliverance ' All flesh is 

 not the same flesh ; there is one kind of flesh of men, another of 

 beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds ' untrue." 



Another echo came from Australia, where Dr. Perry, Lord 

 Bishop of Melbourne, in a most bitter book on Science and the 

 Bible, declared that the obvious object of Chambers, Darwin, and 

 Huxley is " to produce in their readers a disbelief of the Bible." 



Nor was the older branch of the Church to be left behind in 

 this chorus. Bayma, in the Catholic World, declared, " Mr. Dar- 

 win is, we have reason to believe, the mouthpiece or chief trump- 

 eter of that infidel clique whose well-known object is to do away 

 with all idea of a God." 



Worthy of especial note as showing the determination of the 

 theological side at this period is the foundation of sacro-scien- 

 tific organizations to combat the new ideas. First to be noted is 

 the Academia, planned by Cardinal Wiseman. In a circular let- 

 ter the cardinal sounded an alarm and summed up by saying, 

 " Now it is for the Church, which alone possesses divine certainty 

 and divine discernment, to place itself at once in the front of a 

 movement which threatens even the fragmentary remains of 

 Christian belief in England." The necessary permission was ob- 

 tained from Rome, the Academia was founded, and the " divine 

 discernment" of the Church was seen in the utterances which 

 came from it, such as those of Cardinal Manning, which every 

 thoughtful Catholic would now desire to recall, and in the violent 

 diatribes of Dr. Laing, which only aroused laughter on all sides. 

 A similar effort was seen on the Protestant side ; the Victoria In- 

 stitute was created, and perhaps the most noted utterance which 

 ever came from it was the declaration of its vice-president, the 

 Rev. Walter Mitchell, that " Darwinism endeavors to dethrone 

 God."* 



* For Wilberforce's article, see Quarterly Review, July, 1860. For the reply of Huxley 

 to the bishop's speech I have relied on the account given in Quatrefages, who bad it from 

 Carpenter ; a somewhat different version is given in the Life and Letters of Darwin. For 

 Cardinal Manning's attack, see Essays on Religion and Literature, London, 1865. For the 

 review articles, see the Quarterly already cited, and that for July, 1874 ; also the North 

 British Review, May, 1860 ; also, F. 0. Morris's letter in the Record, reprinted at Glasgow, 

 1870 ; also the Addresses of Rev. Walter Mitchell before the Victoria Institute, London, 

 1867 ; also Rev. B. G. Johns, Moses not Darwin, a Sermon, March 31, 1871. For the ear- 

 lier American attacks/see Methodist Quarterly Review, April, 1871 ; the American Church 

 Review, July and October, 1865, and January, 1866. For the Australian attack, see Science 

 and the Bible, by the Right Reverend Charles Perry, D. D., Bishop of Melbourne, London, 



