NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 151 



But it was noted that this second series of attacks, on the De- 

 scent of Man, differed in one remarkable respect so far as Eng- 

 land was concerned from those which had been made over ten 

 years before on the Origin of Species. While everything was 

 done to discredit Darwin, to pour contempt over him, and even, 

 of all things in the world, to make him the gentlest of mankind, 

 only occupied with the scientific side of the problem " a persecu- 

 tor of Christianity," while his followers were represented more 

 and more as charlatans or dupes, there began to be in the most 

 influential quarters careful avoidance of the old argument that 

 evolution even by natural selection contradicts Scripture. It 

 began to be felt that this was dangerous ground. The defection 

 of Lyell had, perhaps, more than anything else, started the ques- 

 tion among theologians who had preserved some equanimity, 

 "What if, after all, the Darwinian theory should prove to be 

 true ? " Recollections of the position in which the Roman Church 

 found itself after the establishment of the doctrines of Copernicus 

 and Galileo naturally came into the minds of the more thought- 

 ful. In Germany this consideration does not seem to have oc- 

 curred at quite so early a day. One eminent Lutheran clergy- 

 man at Magdeburg called on his hearers to choose between Dar- 

 win and religion ; Delitszch, in his new commentary on Genesis, 

 attempted to bring science back to recognize human sin as an im- 

 portant factor in creation ; Prof. Heinrich Ewald, while carefully 

 avoiding any sharp conflict between the scriptural doctrine and 

 evolution, comforted himself by pouring contempt over Darwin 

 and his followers ; Christlieb, in his address before the Evangeli- 

 cal Alliance at New York, 1873, simply took the view that the 



Etudes sur le Transformisme, 1876, especially pp. 10*7 to 119. As to Fabre d'Envieu, see 

 especially his Proposition xliii. For the Abb6 Desorges, " former Professor of Philosophy 

 and Theology," see his Erreurs 'Modernes, Paris, 1878, pp. 677 and 595 to 598. For Mon- 

 seigneur S6gur, see his La Foi devant la Science Moderne, sixth ed., Paris, 1874, pp. 23, 34, 

 etc. For Herbert Spencer's reply to Mr. Gladstone, see his Study of Sociology ; for the 

 passage in the Dublin Review, see the issue for July, 1871. For the review in the London 

 Times, see Nature for April 20, 1871. For Gavin Carlyle, see The Battle of Unbelief, 

 1870, pp. 86 and 171. For the attacks by Michelis and Hagermann, see Natur und Offen- 

 barung, Miinster, 1861 to 1869. For Schund, see his Darwin's Hypothese und ihr Verhalt- 

 niss zu Religion und Moral, Stuttgart, 1869. For Luthardt, see Fundamental Truths of 

 Christianity, translated by Sophia Taylor, second ed., Edinburgh, 1869. For Rougemont, see 

 his Der Mensch und der Affe, Stuttgart, 1863, translated into German. For Constantin 

 James, see his Mes Entretiens avec PEmpe'reur Don P6dro sur le Darwinisme, Paris, 1888, 

 where the papal briefs are printed in full. For the English attacks on Darwin's Descent of 

 Man, see the Edinburgh Review, July, 1871, and elsewhere ; the Dublin Review, July, 1871 ; 

 the British and Foreign Evangelical Review, April, 1886. See also The Scripture Doctrine 

 of Creation, by the Rev. T. R. Birks, London, 1873, published by the S. P. C. K. For Dr. 

 Pusey's attack, see his Unscience not Science, adverse to Faith, 1878 ; also, Darwin's Life 

 and Letters, vol. ii, pp. 411, 412. 

 W 



