MILK FOR BABES. 491 



enough heat to change sixty-eight pounds of water by one degree 

 Centigrade. To cool the cubic mile of air formerly considered 

 sufficiently to make a rainfall of a quarter of an inch would ac- 

 cordingly take four hundred and six million pounds of carbonic 

 acid. This could probably be purchased in quantities of this 

 magnitude at one dollar a pound, making the expense of a rain- 

 fall of a quarter of an inch, not counting anything but the car- 

 bonic acid, about six hundred thousand dollars per acre. This 

 would make artificial climate even more expensive than the genu- 

 ine California article. 



I have now endeavored to give you in as brief a space as possi- 

 ble a simple statement of the problem of rain-making as it appears 

 to one with an elementary knowledge of physics, and to give a 

 brief statement of some of the methods of the men who, without 

 any scientific knowledge, have intentionally or unintentionally 

 imposed upon the public. The examples which I have quoted are 

 only the prominent ones. There are many impostors whose 

 names are but little known who are proposing to furnish rain to 

 large sections of country for a suitable financial consideration. 

 And it is only surprising that the number is not larger. The 

 business offers special inducements to men who are accustomed to 

 make a living by swindling their fellow-men. No capital and no 

 business training is required. The only thing necessary is to con- 

 tract to furnish rain to as many different sections of country as 

 possible. Then, if it rains over any of these areas, collect the pay. 

 If it does not rain, the experiment has cost nothing. The system 

 has all the advantages of the traditional gun loaded to kill if it is 

 a deer, but to miss if it is a calf. 



MILK FOR BABES. 



BY MRS. LOUISE E. I10GAN. 



IN the natural advance made in the study of the subject of 

 infant foods methods of preparation, administration, etc. 

 the process of sterilization of milk, as ordinarily and formerly un- 

 derstood, is now replaced by " Pasteurization," which is, practi- 

 cally speaking, the low-temperature process of the earlier method, 

 and specialists who comprehended the serious changes produced 

 in milk by high and prolonged temperature advised from the 

 first the lower method. 



It is easy enough, by prolonged and repeated application of a 

 high temperature, to keep milk apparently unchanged, but the 

 point aimed at all along has been to devise a way by which it 

 might be made sterile with the least possible interference with 



