SKETCH OF GOTTHILF H. E. MUHLENBERG. 693 



volvulus, serratula, aster, solidago, and all the ferns. . . . The 

 seed vessels and seeds are very important for the genus and 

 species, and I must therefore give careful attention to them." He 

 also indicates here as one of his purposes, besides the native 

 plants, to observe all the exotics, whether they need protection in 

 winter or are completely acclimated. 



In the spring of 1791 he was able to inform Dr. Cutler that he 

 had collected more than eleven hundred different plants in a cir- 

 cuit of about three miles from Lancaster, and that he was devot- 

 ing himself to the collection of material concerning their medici- 

 nal and economical .applications. In a later letter, November 8, 

 1791, he wrote : " I am collecting, as far as possible, all I can learn 

 concerning the medicinal and economical uses of our plants and 

 am writing it down. If the medicinal application seems to be 

 sufficiently confirmed from different sides, and agrees with the 

 character of the plant, I either try it on myself or commend it to 

 my friends. I raise most of the grasses in my garden, and experi- 

 ment how often they can be cut, and whether they are readily 

 eaten by horses or cattle." These grasses numbered at the begin- 

 ning of 1798 one hundred and fifty-six species, including many 

 introduced ones, and among them were a large number of new 

 species and at least one new genus. This collecting and testing 

 of grasses is mentioned in other letters. An exchange seems to 

 have been arranged with Prof. Schreber, of American plants for 

 foreign grasses ; and, besides mosses, grasses of New England were 

 obtained from Dr. Cutler, especially such as grew near the sea. 



Some of these notes on the medicinal properties of plants, 

 Muhlenberg says, were furnished to Dr. Schopf for use in his 

 contemplated work on American Materia Medica. Although the 

 author of that work, which was published in 1787, acknowledged 

 indebtedness for information to several other American botanists, 

 he does not give Muhlenberg's name a most ungrateful omission. 

 A similar case occurred in connection with an American book. 

 When Muhlenberg first saw a copy of Bigelow's Medical Botany, 

 he could not help remarking to his son, after looking through it, 

 " This gentleman has appropriated to himself all my explanations, 

 without making any acknowledgment." But he never called 

 public attention to this, and there were other such trespasses 

 which were also let pass unnoticed. 



In July, 1785, Muhlenberg communicated to the American 

 Philosophical Society an outline of a Flora Lancastriensis (flora 

 of Lancaster) containing the results of his own observations on 

 the plants and their habits. At the same time he presented a 

 manuscript Calendar of Flowers. In February, 1791, he com- 

 municated the Index Flora Lancastriensis (Index to the Flora of 

 Lancaster). This was published in the third volume of the first 



