232 PRACTICAL ARBORICULTURE 



Thorough cultivation is essential. In the autumn when the wood has 

 ripened they are taken up, tied in bunches of 100 and heeled in for the winter. 

 In spring, with the ground well prepared, furrow out deeply rows seven feet 

 apart, and plant trees seven feet in the rows, the intermediate spaces being 

 cultivated in potatoes, corn, or some non-vining vegetable. Neither weeds nor 

 grass should be permitted to grow, a sod of grass will quickly ruin the catalpa. 

 The trees will thus form tall upright trunks, with few side branches. After 

 the fifth year the shade and falling leaves will protect the tree, without further 

 cultivation; it may be sooner. By the eighth year all trees should be removed 

 except the permanent stand, not closer than 14x14 feet, in order to give room 

 for the roots and each its share of moisture. This will give 222 .permanent 

 trees per acre. 



The cost of planting will vary according to local conditions. The land 

 should be such as would produce a fair crop of corn. 



ESTIMATE PER ACRE. 



Value of land, say $20.00 



Preparing the land 5.00 



888 trees, 7x7 feet 8.00 



Labor, planting and cultivating 5.00 



Interest and taxes, eight years 12.00 



$50.00 



At eight years three-fourths the trees should be removed. 



Each tree removed will supply two first-class posts worth 10 cents each. 



The value of the land having been greatly improved, and a permanent 

 income assured from the continued growths (as the trees are quickly renewed 

 from the stumps) equal to a capital investment of $1,000 at 8 per cent interest. 



Cost will vary with location and management. 



EXTRACT FROM MR. BARNEY'S PAMPHLET, PUBLISHED 1876. 



Communication to the Railway Age by James M. Bucklin, C. E., an en- 

 gineer on the Miami Canal in 1826: "The importance of the catalpa has for a 

 long time impressed itself so strongly on my mind that I have repeatedly, for 

 the last forty years, urged upon railroad companies the great advantage to be 

 derived by them from the propagation of these trees in large bodies. 

 The Board of Public Works of Illinois in 1835 ordered me to select lands for 

 that purpose on the routes of the various railroads in process of construction, 

 but the system was not carried out. 



"The employment of so durable a material would prove as beneficial as 

 the use of steel in point of economy in the maintenance of railroads, and 

 would dispense with the enormous cost of labor in constant replacement of wood. 



"In 1828 while Captain Smith, U. S. A., and myself were exploring the 

 obstruction of the Wabash river, we unexpectedly discovered a lofty forest of 

 catalpa of large size at the mouth of White River, below Yincennes, Tnd. In 



