306 PRACTICAL ARBORICULTURE 



forms of the populus family which may be grown profitably. The Abele is of 

 quick growth, easily propagated, requires little attention while growing, and 

 makes good paper. 



The poor, sandy soils would be greatly enriched, and possibly be made of 

 great value for cultivation in crops by a twenty-year service in growing Abele or 

 other poplars, providing fires were kept out. 



Lombardy poplar, Canada balsam, or Balm of Gilead all have fibre suitable 

 for wood pulp. As these are all grown from cuttings, the expense of planting 

 need not be great. 



PINE SUCCEEDED BY NUT TREES AND HARD WOODS. 



We are frequently asked why these succeed pines and coniferous trees when 

 the latter have been lumbered ; some have asked if this is nature's method of 

 rotation. 



When pines are removed, there is no seed left to reproduce these forests, 

 while small animals, birds, the wind and flowing water at times bring 

 acorns, nuts, fruit of berry trees and light-winged seeds from long distances, 

 and old, decaying stumps make excellent perches and nestingg-places for these 

 great tree planters of nature. If frequent seed trees were left when clearing 

 limber nature would reproduce the forest. This should always be done. 



PROFITS IX PAPER. 



Trees suitable for wood pulp need not be so large as for lumber, and a dozen 

 years will produce good returns in the quick-growing soft woods. Yel- 

 low poplar, which is not a poplar, but Hriodcndron, willows, and similar soft 

 woods are suitable for pulp, many of them may be grown from cuttings. All will 

 grow on sandy land if moisture is present, although of course they make more 

 progress in rich land. 



Essentially Northern localities are preferable for pulp. With land at low 

 prices, taxation moderate and labor obtainable at fair rates, money will be well 

 invested in growing paper stock. 



The Carolina poplar, or cottomvood, Aspen and Abele will grow in ten or 

 twelve years, and may be planted 7x7 feet, or 900 trees per acre. 



Black walnut grows rapidly in moderately rich soil. The nuts should be 

 planted in autumn or kept moist until early spring, and planted where the trees 

 are to remain. They may be used to fill in gaps in the wood land, or with system 

 placed in solid forest. Unless grass is abundant no cultivation will be needed in 

 forest, but young groves should be thoroughly cultivated for several years. 



In the South the pecan is destined to become and remain a profitable nut 

 tree, and will always be in demand as timber. Where carriage spokes are to 

 come from in the future is hard to tell. Pecan and other forms of hickory 

 are becoming very scarce. Here, too, the nuts should be planted where they are 

 to remain, at least not attempting to transplant nut trees after the first year. 



The chestnut is indigenous to New England, Pennsylvania, New York and 

 the mountains of West Virginia and Tennessee. Here this tree should he exten- 

 sively grown to replace the forests now so rapidly disappearing. 



