34 PRACTICAL FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



were not affected ly the earth mooements) and date, from a time 

 before the adjoining streams were rejuvenated by the last earth 

 movement, which enabled them to sweep away large tracts of thi< 

 old land surface, and in the Bhabar, the sal forests are found onlu 

 on these highest and oldest plateaux. This is the type of forest 

 which Troup classified both as river terrace type and Bhabar typ< . 

 It seems more logical to classify all these areas in the Bhabar 

 and in the Duns in one general type the Bhabar type, as they are 

 in e^very way identical. The soil conditions, consisting of rich 

 moist loam overlying a great depth of river gravels and boulder 

 beds, give the ideal conditions for sal growth, and these Bhabar 

 forests include nearly all the finest sal forests of the province and 

 vary from good I to good quality II. 



All these Bhabar type of sal forests are managed on concentrated 

 regeneration systems, with fixed or floating Periodic Blocks. 



///. _ In the Tarai, the sal forests are usually confined to flat elevated 



Tarni plateaux slightly above the level of swamps and waterlogged 



plains " Chaors "; in the plains, the sal occurs where clearances for 

 Sil. cultivation and the acts of man have not abolished it. 



There are four distinct sub-types : 



(1) Plains type, as illustrated in Gorakhpur, Tikri, and 



parts of Bahraich, growing usually on stiff loam to pure 

 clay with light grass and weed growth and generally III 

 to IV quality. This type is usually managed under the 

 Simple Coppice or clear felling system where the demand 

 is intensive and under the shelterwood system where 

 the demand is limited. 



(2) Low level Tarai type, typified in North Kheri (phanta 



belt and Low Level no. II. Working Circle), parts of 

 Pilibhit and Haldwani, with very heavy grass growth 

 and usually frost. Usually II to good III quality 

 and managed under some form of -concentrated regenera- 

 tion. 



