PRACTICAL FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



The 



Eharahu 



oak. 



The resin 

 industry 

 in 

 Kumaun. 



At still higher elevations this species replaces moru and 

 frequently forms pure crops mixed with a few auxiliary broad leaved 

 species and occasionally silver fir on the highest hills of Kumaun. 

 It occurs from 8,000 feet to 11,500 feet and passes directly into the 

 bugial or birch-rhododendron formation characteristic of the highest 

 elevations. Eharshu occupies extensive areas in Garhwal and to 

 a less extent in Almora. It is a common gregarious tree of the 

 Western Himalayas being found in all the Punjab hill divisions. 

 It is here more associated with the spruce and silver fir than in 

 Kumaun. It has already been remarked that as the latitude 

 decreases towards the east so the oak forest extends at the expense 

 of the conifers. This is probably due to the increased monsoon 

 rainfall, the decreased winter rain and more especially the decreased 

 winter snowfall. The nearer the approach to a European winter 

 climate tho better do the conifers seem to flourish. 



For a detailed description of the vegetation of the Himalayas 

 the reader is referred to the various working plans each dealing in 

 detail with its own special tract. 18 



The representative series of plates in this volume show all the 

 important oecological formations and distinctive forest types of the 

 tract dealt with. 



The gradual development of the resin industry in Kumaun 

 affords one of the most interesting features of forest activity in 

 the United Provinces. Rasin is a natural product obtained from 

 certain species of pines by tapping or incising the living tree, 

 which when purified and distilled by heat or steam breaks into 

 rosin (66% by weight) and turpentine (21%). The turpentine 

 passes off as vapour and is condensed to a clear liquid in con- 

 densers, the rosin stays behind in the still, and is run into barrels 



18 Wording Plan for Central Almora, Ranikhet. CHAMPION. 

 Wording Plan for North Garhwal. OSMASTON. 

 Working Plan for Naini Tai SMYTH IES. 

 Working Plan for Jaumar. HOWARD. 

 Working Plan for Kulu. TREVOR. 

 Working Plan for Rawalpindi. JERRAM. 



