THE SILVICULTURAL SYSTEM. 



51 



Forests 



mana 9 e d 

 as 



of the species, and aiming at the attainment of the normal forest 

 and the establishment of regeneration to the normal extent." 



Good forest management is neither dominated by silviculture 

 nor by the requirements of exploitation and the tendency of 

 extremists of both schools is to be resisted. Good management 

 consists in a compromise of all factors of silviculture, exploitation, 

 staff and labour, rights and local requirements existing in the area 

 at the time of the compilation of the working plan. 



Forest management should be based on the silviculture of the 

 tree with which we are dealing in its special environment and by 

 the requirement of the local conditions and circumstances of every 

 wood. 



In previous passages we have dealt with the whole question of 

 the conservation of forests, their direct and indirect benefits to 

 mankind, the penalties involved in their destruction and their protection 

 relationship to civilization. We shall merely consider in -this place 

 the management of such forests as are conserved for the indirect 

 benefits they confer in the prevention of denudation, the protection 

 of stands of commercial timber and the preservation of the water 

 supply. Financial results are of little or no importance in the 

 management of these forests, .the reward of success lies in the 

 indirect benefits bestowed on the surrounding country. A large 

 extent of this class of forest exists in India chiefly on the hill 

 ranges. Much more of the land under the Forest Department is 

 really protection forest and should rightly be managed as such, 

 instead of being destroyed by grazing ; for example the Tulsipur 

 forests of Gouda division were never meant to be pasture land and 

 the futile attempt to make them so has resulted in 30,000 acres of 

 country being ruined as forest. The protection Working Circle of 

 Ramnagar, part of the Hill Sal Selection working circle of 

 Ramnagar and Haldwani and indeed a considerable proportion of 

 the hills of the outer Himalayan range from the Ganges to the 

 Sarda are in reality protection forests. The Hill Working Circle 

 of Saharanpur division is purely " protection " forest and its 





