74 



PRACTICAL FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



Silvicul- 



tural 



systems. 



I The 



clear 



felling 



system.. 



of broad-leaved species which coppice freely, where the demand 

 is chiefly for firewood or small building timber, some coppice systems 

 will generally give the best results ; on the other hand, where the 

 demand is for saw logs, high forest is the only possible treatment. 

 As regards regular and irregular high forest the advantages and 

 disadvantages of each are discussed in every text -book. From 

 our point of view the great advantages of regular high forest 

 are 



(1) The simplicity of the silvicultural operations, of rege- 



neration fellings, thinnings, cleanings, etc. Each 

 operation is done with one particular object in view 

 which the staff can understand. 



(2) The concentration of regeneration, which admits of 



a knowledge of the exact amount of regeneration 

 being obtained and the adequate tending of this 

 regeneration. 



(3) The closure to grazing of areas under regeneration, if 



necessary. 



These advantages under existing circumstances far outweigh 

 any disadvantages. 



These three methods of treatment naturally divide into the 

 standard silvicultural systems as follows : 



Regular high forest .... I Clear felling system with natural 



or artificial regeneration. 

 II Shelterwood system with mostly 

 natural regeneration under a 

 shelterwood. 

 forest III Selection system. 



IV Simple coppice system. 



V Coppice with standards system.. 



Clear felling with natural regeneration by seed is hardly found 

 in Northern India, it is the system adopted with the Maritime pine 

 in the Landes in France. The only case known is the natural 

 regeneration of mulberry in Changa Manga, which follows the 



Irregular 

 coppice. 



high 



