82 PRACTICAL FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



" That which differentiates the two methods is that with the 

 shelterwood system the same kind of operations follow consecutively 

 and are consequently massed in a district . . . while in the 

 selection system these operations are scattered over the whole area 

 of the forest in little spots. It therefore follows that the fellings 

 protect one another, so to speak. Do not imagine therefore that 

 the selection system confines itself to realising large timber alone. 

 It is necessary within the perimeter of each felling area, to practise 

 all the essential cultural operations ; to free the young growth, to 

 thin the stands that are too thick, to cut out the trees with no 

 future and never to lose sight of the fact that the really profitable 

 growth is that which takes place in the trees destined to remain 

 until the end of the rotation. At the same time one must avoid the 

 tendency to regularise the stands by allowing any particular age 

 class to dominate a large area just as one must avoid breaking the 

 cover systematically to give it the aspect of a selection forest when 

 managing a regular high forest of good growth." 



" Only one official reference to the size of the openings to be 

 made has been found : 



" . . .in the stands of Corsican pine it will be best whenever 

 the density of the stand will permit it, to proceed by removing 

 groups of trees so as to cut up the stand into openings of 0'03 

 to 0'04 hectare (0'074 to 0'098 acres) so that the seedlings of this 

 species will receive the light they require." 



The selection system modified in several essential particulars 

 is used with a yield calculated in volume as a transition system, in 

 the sal forests of North Kheri, the oak forests of Chakrata 

 Cantonment, the deodar forests on "very broken ground in Kulu. 

 Elsewhere in the hill sal forests where the ground is irregular and 

 the growing stock very varied, this system is used with a yield by 

 area. It is the only system for protection forests. The selection 

 system if properly carried out Tequires very great skill on the part 

 of the marking officer, and this is hardly realised by foresters who 

 have not actually marked a typical selection crop under this 



