84 PRACTICAL FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



Britain which supplied the demands of the country for firewood ; 

 with the advent of coal these copses have largely fallen into decay 

 and either become derelict or have been converted into high forest. 

 Coppice is generally managed on a short rotation ; the tendency in 

 France has been towards the lengthening of the rotation, and as 

 this takes place the appearance of the crop approaches more nearly 

 to that of even-aged high forest, until in the case of sal in 

 G-orakhpur with a rotation of 50 to 80 years there is practically 

 no difference between the two. The coppice rotation in the 

 Punjab irrigated plantations is 20 years, sal coppice in Pilibhit 

 and scrub coppice in Jhansi and Banda grow to 30 years and 

 the latter rotation or longer has been used for ban oak. The 

 system for the last species is very well developed in the Dhami 

 State of the Simla hills. The Gorakhpur simple coppice is famous 

 and the technique of this management will be explained in 

 detail in a subsequent chapter. It was formerly not the custom 

 to thin coppice crops but this is now admitted to be absolutely 

 necessary. (Parker in his Changa Manga working plan prescribes 

 three thinnings during the rotation.) In the case of sal in 

 Gorakhpur it is prescribed that thinnings will be done in the 

 sixth, eleventh, twenty-first, etc., years. The execution of these 

 thinnings very greatly increases the financial results obtained 

 throughout the rotation, the final crop is vastly improved, and 

 material which would otherwise rot is removed in the intermediate 

 yields and converted into cash. One more point must be mentioned 

 and that is the importance of completing the coppice regeneration 

 by artificial sowing or planting a matter which has not always 

 received sufficient attention in the past. All coppice coupes 

 should be gone over in the first year and the stocking completed 

 artificially. 



Y.~The This system is similar to the last except that certain timber 



coppice trees are retained as standards above the coppice. Coppice with 

 standards standards has been largely employed for sal but has never been 

 system. properly carried out as is illustrated from the preliminary report 

 for the forests of the Pilibhit division. 



