DEODAR (CEDBUS DEODABA), KAIL (PINUS EXCELSA). 127 



has been provided the seedlings are in good condition. In such 

 situations the utmost skill in opening the canopy will be necessary 

 and here regeneration by strips may well be tried. It must be 

 remembered that while deodar seed will germinate under any sort 

 of canopy, the young seedlings, must receive sufficient light if they 

 are to flourish, and if this is not provided in due season absolute 

 failure of regeneration will result. Deodar is in no sense a shade 

 bearer except for the first year or its life ; it requires protection 

 from drought and consequently on certain aspects some extent of 

 side shade , but having once passed the critical stage of the first 

 few years this tree demands ample light. Except where mother 

 trees are left to put on increment there is no object to retaining 

 an overwood once reproduction is fully established, i.e. when it has 

 attained an average age of between 5 and 10 years. 



' The kail or blue pine is a light-demander and its natural 

 regeneration generally presents no great difficulty when once this 

 is realised. A bright seeding felling leaving the mother trees 

 about 6070 feet apart is necessary; and experience has shown 

 that even where sufficient light had been provided for the exis- 

 tence of deodar, kail reproduction was not obtained until the 

 canopy was well opened out. An excellent method of regene- 

 rating mixed crops is thus placed at our disposal. It is only 

 necessary to make first a seeding felling suitable for the repro- 

 duction of the deodar, and thereafter to lighten the overwood so 

 that kail seedlings complete the crop. A word of caution is 

 necessary against the clear-felling of large gaps which has at 

 times been perpetrated under selection in groups, for the result of 

 this has been a profuse growth of weeds which has necessitated 

 much labour and expense in sowing and planting. 



' Deodar germinates under all conditions of light and shade, 

 but the time soon comes when seedling growing in shade must be 

 given plenty of light if they are to survive. 



' The great mortality from drought is largely due to the exces- 

 sive accumulation of humus on the ground. When this cause is 



