CHAPTEK XI. 



THE COPPICE WITH STANDARDS SYSTEM.. 



The ailvi- HPHE whole system is similar to simple coppice with the- 



cultural -L. exception that a certain number of standards are reserved 



above the coppice for the production of timber. The system is 



suitable for all those cases where the objects of management are 



the production of both large and small material or where simple 



coppice is ruled out on account of frost. The standards enrich 



the coppice and with comparatively short coppice rotations 



materially increase the revenue. The most important silvicul- 



tural consideration is the question of the number of standards to 



be reserved. The defects of the past technique of the system in 



retaining an excessive number of standards have already been 



noted in chapter VI. The number of standards will vary with the 



relative importance of the standards and the coppice, but where 



such an excessive number of standards are reserved that the coppice 



is suppressed and rendered worthless the raison d'etre of the 



system, which is the production of both timber and small material, 



breaks down. It may be stated at the outset that in our coppice 



with Standards Working Circles the standards and the coppic-i- 



are of equal consideration, and this being the case the standards 



should not occupy more than one-third of the canopy. Sal coppi< v 



with standards has been condemned, vide the following silvicultural 



note appearing in the Indian Forester for April, 1922. 



" An examination of an experimental plot in Dehra Dun has 

 again shown that coppice with standards is a poor system for so?. 

 The plot has 52 standards to tile acre, of an average diameter 9*4" 

 in 1917. The coppice was 12 years old. Quite apart from the 

 slow growth the plot shows obvious signs of suppression." 



