216 PRACTICAL FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



that channels should proceed as desired in the course of freshen- 

 ing a mark where one does not exist should be cut on the bark 

 upwards in the desired direction on the inner side of the ohann !, 

 i.e. towards the existing channel. 



(/) Clearing round the base of the trees. All the needles and 

 chips of wood and bark to be cleared away from the base of a 

 tree for 3' to lessen the chance of the channel burning in the event 

 of a forest fire. This work will be done at this time and at the 

 close of the season instead of as previously prescribed throughout 

 the fire season. 



(g) Hanging pots. The form of the pots is well known and 

 need not be detailed. Care should be taken that they are not too 

 shallow as in this case on some trees they may fill too soon, and 

 resin be wasted. They must not be too broad at the top as they 

 will not fit into the old channels ; the practice of cutting notches 

 in wood and bark to allow them to fit in is particularly to be 

 avoided as it increases the time taken for healing over the blaze. 

 The Range officers must understand that the sides of blazes 

 must be kept as much alive as possible. 



In first year tapping areas and elsewhere, where new pots are 

 required, these must be made in good time. Old pots will be 

 moved up when lips and nails are moved ; they are less liable to 

 damage on the tree than lying at its foot. New pots generally 

 contain dust, and this must be carefully cleared out before they 

 are hung. It must also be seen that the old pots used are as 

 clean as possible. 



(Ti) Lids. Earthenware lids are to be put on all pots. Samples 

 of the semicircular pattern are available in all ranges. All lids 

 must be in position before the first freshening takes place. 



3. Freshening (chillan). Not less than a cooly per 1,000 

 channels must be employed on this work and more must be 

 employed if this number does not suffice to ensure the full number 

 of freshenings per month. 



