Vlll APPENDIX. 



(iv) diseased, badly shaped or abnormal trees of the domi- 

 nating class ; i.e., classes (5), (4) and (3) and part or 

 all of class (2). 



(4) Very heavy thinning (D grade). This usually consists in 

 the removal of 



(i) all of classes (5) to (2) ; 



(ii) some of class (1) in such a way that only good trees 

 with nice crowns and well-shaped boles remain as 

 nearly as possible equally distributed over the area 

 and with room on all sides for proper crown develop- 

 ment but tJtere must not be a lasting break in the 

 leaf-canopy. 



In the execution of B, C, and D grade thinnings the following 

 points should be noted : 



(a) In all cases in which holes would be created by the 

 removal of dominating trees (probably class (2) trees), 

 dominated and even suppressed trees (classes (4) and 

 (3) ) should be left to cover the ground. 

 (6) In removing sound trees of class (2) with badly shaped 

 crowns or boles the operation must be made with due 

 regard to the stocking and condition of the whole 

 crop. 



II. Crown thinning (Hochdurchforstung or Eclaircie par le 

 haut.) 



This consists in the removal of dominating trees with the 

 object of caring for and encouraging a certain number of specially 

 good trees. Only two grades are distinguished : 



(1) Light. This consists in the removal of 



(i) dead, dying and much suppressed trees ; 

 (ii) badly shaped and diseased trees and stems with double 



leaders ; 



(Hi) trees, which it is necessary to remove from a group in, 

 order to make those left more or less of even size. 



