4 



XXll APPENDIX. 



spreading branches are pruned off the deodar mother trees as a 

 routine measure in areas under regeneration. While heavy shade 

 is injurious to the regeneration of all species other than, dense shade 

 bearers suoh as silver fir, a moderate amount of high shade, more 

 especially side shade to ward off the hot sun, is beneficial and in 

 some cases absolutely necessary. " In the hills, on south, south- 

 east and south-west aspects the difficulty of obtaining regeneration 

 is much increased and on these aspects the necessity of side shade 

 to the young plants must be kept in view." It is believed that 

 the constant soddenness of the ground during the rains under a 

 fairly heavy canopy of sal trees is moat injurious to sal seedlings 

 and that this evil effect would be mitigated by a heavier felling in 

 the overwood and the admission of more sun and air to the ground. 

 Excess of damp is also fatal to deodar, under such circumstances 

 the seedlings fade away or are destroyed by a fungus believed to 

 be Peridermium. In areas of deficient rainfall moisture can be 

 conserved by soil cultivation but this belongs more to the province 

 of sowing and planting which will be dealt with in a subsequent 

 essay. 



The principles of natural regeneration are of world-wide appli- 

 cation, the skill of the forester lies in adapting these principles to a 

 multitude of different species or to a mixture of species growing in 

 the same crop ; in manipulating the canopy of the mother trees 

 so as to obtain regeneration of such species and in such proportions 

 as he may desire and at the same time to restrain a superabundant 

 growth of weeds. 



It is not sufficient to obtain complete germination ; this is only 

 the first stage towards success. The young seedlings have now to 

 be nursed up to the sapling stage. Weedings will be in many 

 cases absolutely essential and on the thoroughness of this work 

 success will often depend. This dense weed growth in a clear 

 felled area will absolutely destroy untended teak seedlings and the 

 same is true of moist coniferous forest where only a moderate 

 opening of the canopy produces a crop of herbs which will 



