APPENDIX. 



XXV11 



natural reproduction wherever possible supplemented immediately 

 by artificial work, undertaken largely for the purpose of augment- 

 ing the proportion of deodar in a mixed crop of deodar and blue 

 pine. The Kalu working plan, considering the requirements of 

 silviculture to be paramount, is founded on this practice. Other 

 authorities, however, are of the opinion that the requirements of 

 exploitation are of prior importance and advocate a system of clear 

 felling and artificial regeneration on the Saxon lines. Before a 

 system of forest management can be founded on these principles it 

 will be necessary to show that artificial reproduction on the 

 suggested scale is a practical proposition ; so far as our experience 

 goes, the' artificial regeneration of clear felled areas in the hills 

 especially on warm aspects has been a work of the greatest 

 difficulty. There is little doubt that such a system will succeed 

 on favourable aspects after burning the slash, but whether the 

 system is suitable for general adoption is another matter. 



As an example of the third division of our subject the afforest- 

 ation of the ravine lands of Etawah may be mentioned. In this 

 case the whole forest was destroyed several centuries ago, since 

 when the conditions of climate and water-supply have entirely 

 altered. The conservation of the limited rainfall becomes the 

 first essential to success. To this end the work is governed by the 

 well known rules of dry farming ; the soil is deeply ploughed and 

 ridged to prevent run-off, and the ridges are constantly weeded and 

 the soil loosened to diminish evaporation. In the area treated 

 denudation ceases, the jagged outlines of the ravines become 

 rounded off and a mixed crop of babul and sissu covers the ground 

 under which a plentiful supply of good fodder grass springs up. A 

 desolate waste is in this way turned into a fuel and fodder reserve 

 of inestimable value to the surrounding agricultural population. 



The Landes in France is an instance in which afforestation 

 has turned a fever stricken waste into one of the richest provinces 

 of France. The reclamation and forestation of these sand wastes 

 is perhaps the best possible illustration of the benefits of forestry 



