XXXIV APPENDIX. 



shallow rooted form to develop, but it is insufficient for the deep 

 rooted form which fails to pass the dry strata in its endeavour to 

 reach the spring water level. 



Zederbauer has shown that seed collected from suppressed or 

 sub-dominant trees produces plants less resistant to disease than 

 the seed collected from dominant trees, but also that individual 

 characteristics of the mother tree, such as unusual divergence from 

 the typical form of the species, may be transmitted through the 

 seed (Tourney, " Seeding and Planting " in The Practice of Forestry). 

 The researches of Champion on the subject of twisted fibre in 

 Pinus longifolia tend to show that this defect in structure is trans- 

 mitted through the seed. The Almora plantations were certainly 

 made with seed from twisted chir and many of the trees now 

 show twist. It is'Of the greatest importance that all afforestation 

 with chir pine should be carried out with seed obtained from 

 straight fibred trees. 



Similarly in the case of deodar and kail seed required for 

 afforesting high elevations should not be obtained from mother 

 trees growing at low elevations, as it has been clearly shown from 

 extensive experiments in France and Switzerland that the height 

 growth of Scotch pine and spruce obtained from Alpine seed com- 

 mences earlier and is completed sooner than that of plants from 

 low land seed, and that the latter have difficulty in maturing their 

 wood before the advent of the winter. Also that at ordinary 

 elevations the height growth of plants obtained from mother trees 

 growing at such elevations is much greater than that of plants 

 from Alpine seed. 



Sowings of Ttail at 9,000 feet in Kulu, with seed obtained from 

 trees growing at medium elevations, failed as the seedlings were 

 killed by the winter cold. It is probable that better success would 

 have been obtained if seed from trees at the maximum elevation 

 of 10,000 feet had been used. 



The cause of failure of many of the Swedish-Scotch pine 

 plantations has been attributed to the use of German seed and 



