XXXvi APPENDIX. 



In other parts of the Indian Empire direct sowing is preferred 

 to planting. In Burma teak sowings are made at a stake 6' x 6' 

 with field crops. In the Punjab plantations a line of sissu is 

 sown in a step in the ridge and watered by percolation from an 

 irrigation ditch. In ravine plantations of the United Provinces 

 direct sowings are made along the top of the ridges. In Grorakh- 

 pur the sal sowings are made in strips on the flat. In waterlogged 

 areas mounds must be used and simal plantations in the Tarai 

 made in this way have given very good results. Each locality 

 will develop its own standard methods of doing the work. Costs 

 must of course be kept down to a reasonable level and this fact 

 will influence the method to be employed. The advantages and 

 disadvantages of direct sowing and planting have been frequently 

 discussed. The subject is summed up by Tourney as follows : 



" The history of artificial regeneration shows that direct seed- 

 ing is the rule and planting the exception in the early develop- 

 ment of forestry in every country. Direct seeding finally gives 

 way to planting. This, in turn, has often been carried to excess. 

 At the present time, the foresters generally concede that the 

 particular circumstances of each case should determine the form 

 of artificial reproduction to practise. Planting is generally con- 

 ceded to be the quickest, safest and easiest known method of 

 re-stocking. Its economic application, however, must always be a 

 determining factor in its employment. In favourable localities 

 with excellent soil conditions and with acceptable species, direct 

 seeding is usually less expensive. Under the following conditions, 

 however, planting is much more certain and, on the whole, less 

 expensive than direct seeding : 



(a) On swampy lands, unprotected areas, sites overgrown 



with weeds, or grass, and open, heath covered places. 



(b) Under an open stand of intolerant trees where the soil is 



liable to become quickly overgrown with herbaceous 

 and shrubby growth. 



