xxxviii APPENDIX. 



conditions. In Scandinavia, where more than one-fourth of the 

 total artificial regeneration is by direct seeding, coniferous forests 

 are re-established by this method at less cost although there is 

 more or less danger of failed places, of irregular height growth, 

 and the overcrowding of seedlings. 



" The present low average cost of direct seeding on the Na- 

 tional Forests, including cost of seed, rodent poisoning, and the 

 preparation of the ground, >., $4 per acre, has resulted in a high 

 percentage of total failures and too few plants per acre on sites 

 where failures are not recorded. The present unfavourable results 

 from direct seeding emphasise the necessity for using the best 

 seed and giving more attention to soil preparation. 



" The most important considerations upon which the choice 

 between seeding and planting should be based are the following : 

 (a) The difference in cost. 

 {&) The difference in the time required for the stand to 



close, 

 (c) The difference in the quality of the stand." 



In India, given a site suitable both for sowing and planting,, 

 the cost of formation and maintenance of the plantation till 

 established will determine the method to be employed. In Kulu 

 both direct sowing and planting of deodar are extensively used 

 and there is not much to choose between the two systems. Some 

 trees such as babul and chir pine cannot be transplanted at all 

 and in such cases direct sowing must be resorted to. Teak is 

 sown in Burma and planted in Nilambur and the exponents of 

 the two methods will both no doubt maintain the superiority of 

 their own practice. In conclusion we have only to remark that 

 provided equally good results are obtained and that the cost 

 reduced to a similar standard for both methods are similar there is 

 no practical difference between direct sowing and planting. 



The time of sowing must now be dealt with. Teak seed in 

 Bengal should be sown early in April after special treatment to 

 accelerate germination. The seeds of the Dipterocarps and some 



