82 PRACTICAL FORESTRY IN 



The carrying charges shown in the second table cover both 

 fire protection and taxes, as by reading the 15-cent line to 

 include a 10-cent tax and a 5-cent fire patrol. The invest- 

 ment charge may be used to represent sale value only, or sale 

 value plus any expense incurred at time of logging in order 

 to secure reproduction, such as leaving salable material in 

 seed trees, or planting. If desired, any owner may make a 

 similar calculation on any other valuation better fitting his 

 own situation. The table is not intended for universal use 

 but merely as an illustration of how forest calculations may 

 be made. 



White Pine 



Too much space would be required to give a similar table 

 for all western species, even were as good yield figures avail- 

 able. Roughly speaking, however, western white pine, under 

 conditions thoroughly favorable to it, may be expected to 

 make as good a yield as Douglas fir, and the above fir table 

 will not be far off for it. A probably higher stumpage value 

 should offset any lesser production. 



Hemlock 



"Western hemlock is of somewhat, but not much, slower 

 growth when coming in on open land as an even-aged stand. 

 No yield table based on the same merchantable standards as 

 the fir table quoted has been prepared, but the following is 

 fairly safe to include all trees 14 inches in diameter used to 

 12 inches in the top : At 50 years, 2 M per acre ; at 60 years, 

 22 M ; at 70 years, 33 M ; at 80 years, 40 M. The absence of 

 a 40-year figure, and the sudden jump between 50 and 60 

 years, is because very few hemlock trees reach 14 inches at 

 50 years, but a large number of 12 and 13-inch trees pass into 

 that class during the ten years following. Any yield figures 

 for an even-aged forest show a similar jump at the point 

 where the stand as a whole reaches the determined minimum 

 merchantable size. For the same reason these hemlock figures 



