16 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



an eye full, mild, not too large and prominent, jowls thin and 

 wide, horns small, well-curved, clear, slightly turned upwards, 

 — and with a calm, and at the same time strong and resolute 

 expression ; neck long, well-rauscled, slender, tapering towards 

 the head, with little loose skin hanging helow, and not dropping 

 too much forward of the shoulders ; shoulders thin and sharp 

 at the top, and lying close to the chine, somewhat prominent, 

 strong-muscled, and loose-jointed at the point, (the head of the 

 humerus,) long from the point to the elbow ; fore-quarters light 

 and thin, with straight and slender fore-leg, broad knee, and 

 broad, flat, capacious foot ; carcase deep, round and full about 

 the heart, and increasing largely towards the hind-quarters ; 

 back straight and loosely jointed ; pelvis wide over the hips, long, 

 and supplied with strong muscles ; hind-quarters broad, strong 

 on the outside, and well cut out inside, with strong hock, and 

 a long tapering foot ; tail long and slender, strong at the roots, 

 and set on in a line with the back ; udder evenly divided into 

 four quarters, extending well forward, filling the cavity between 

 the thighs behind, not hung low, and with a large, long, and 

 crooked milkvein ; teats set far apart, and of medium size and 

 length ; skin loose and elastic, but not too thin ; hair soft and 

 silky, and of lively appearance ; ribs broad and flat, and, 

 especially the two last, widely separated. A yellowish color to 

 the skin, especially that lining the ears and about the eyes, is 

 desirable. 



A good cow should possess the appearance of strength and 

 firmness, without being too compact ; and she should present 

 no palpably weak point, if she is expected to endure well, in the 

 work of the dairy. With regard to the size best suited for 

 dairy purposes, opinions differ materially — but on our ordinary 

 New England pastures, a cow that will dress, in fair condition, 

 six hundred pounds, seems to be the most appropriate. 



THE FEMALE FOR BEEF. 



In selecting females for the breeding of beef cattle, wo must 

 not be governed by the rules laid down for the dairy. There 

 should be greater roundness of bone ; the shoulders should be 

 closer, firmer, thicker at the top, and the fore-quarter generally 

 more substantial, bearing about the same relation to that of the 

 dairy cow, that the shoulder of a draught-horse bears to that of a 



