22 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



which such animals may produce, whether used for tlie dairy 

 or tlie stall. This is well illustrated by CuUey, who, in speak- 

 ing of the successful efforts of Mr. Dobinson, in breeding Short- 

 horns and importing blood from Holland, says : — 



" But afterwards some other persons of less knowledge, going over, 

 brought home some bulls that introduced the disagreeable kind of cattle 

 called lyery, or double lyered, — that is, black-fleshed. These will feed 

 to gi'eat weight, but though fed ever so long will not have a pound of 

 fat about them, neither within nor without, and the flesh (for it does not 

 deserve to be called beef) is as black and coarse-grained as horse flesh. 

 No man will buy one of this kind, if he knows any thing of the matter ; 

 and if he should be once taken in, he will remember it well for the 

 future. People conversant with cattle very readily find them out by 

 their round form, particularly their buttocks, which are turned like a 

 black coach-horse, and the smallness of the tail ; but they are best 

 known to the graziers and dealers in cattle by the feel or touch of the 

 fingers ; indeed it is this nice touch or feel of the hand that in a great 

 measure constitutes the judge of cattle." 



In fact, the nearer the bull comes, in dairy breeding, to the 

 points of a good cow, the better. And, in this branch of hus- 

 bandry, the male should not much exceed the female in size. 



For other purposes, as well as in some degree for this, the 

 following description, taken from the " Complete Grazier," will 

 be found useful and instructive : — 



" A bull, then, ought to be the most handsome of his kind ; he should 

 be tall and well made ; his head should be rather long, but not coarse, as 

 fineness of head indicates a disposition to fatten ; and as it is designed by 

 nature to be the chief instrument both of oflTence and of defence, it ought 

 to present every mark of strength ; his horns, clean and bright ; his large 

 black eyes, lively and protuberant ; his forehead, broad and close set, 

 with short, curled hair; his ears, long and thin, hairy within and without; 

 muzzle, fine ; nostrils, wide and open ; neck, strong and muscular, not 

 incumbered with a coarse wreathy skin, but firm, rising with a gentle 

 curve from the shoulders, tapering to the part where it is connected 

 with the head ; dewlap thin, and but little loose skin on any part. His 

 shoulders should be deep and high, and moderately broad at the top ; 

 the bosom open ; breast large, and projecting well before his legs ; back 

 straight and broad, even to the setting on of the tail, which should not 

 extend far up tlie roof, but be strong and deep, with much lank hair on 

 the under part of it ; ribs broad and circulai', rising one above another, 



