Part II.] 



FOOD PLANTS. 



201 



***Sa7nbucus canadensis, common elder. 



***Samhucus pubens, panicled elder. 

 Shepherdia canadensis, shepherdia. 

 **Symphoricarpos racetnosus, snow- 

 berry. 



***Vaccinium ccespitosum, dwarf bil- 

 berry. 



***Vaccinium corymbosum, high-bush 

 blueberry. 



***Vaccinium pennsylvanicuvi, low-bush 

 blueberry; and doubtless other 



species, including V. vitisidoea, cow 

 berry. 



**Vibumum alnifolium, hobble bush. 



**Viburnum dentatum, arrow-wood. 



**Viburnum lentago, sheepberry. 



**Viburnuni nudum., withe-rod. 



**VibuTvium opulus, high-bush cran- 

 berry. 



**Viburnum. prunifolium, black haw; 

 and doubtless V. accrifolium, V. 

 cassinoides, and other species. 



Vines 

 Virginia 



**Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 

 creeper. 

 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, bearberry. 

 Celastrus scandens, false bittersweet 

 Menispermum catiadense, moonseed. 

 Mitchella repens, partridge berry. 

 Vaccinium macrocarpon, cranberry. 



Vaccinium oxycoccus, dwarf cran- 

 berry. 

 *S'mil(jLX rotundifolia, bull brier. 

 **Vitis cordifolia, frost grape. 

 **Vitis labrusca, fox grape. 

 **Vitis vulpina, frost grape. 



Herbaceous Plants. 



**Aralia nudicaulis, sarsaparilla. 



Fagopyrum esculentum, buckwheat. 

 **Fragaria virginiana, strawberry. 



Gaultheria procumbens, checkerberry. 



Heli.anthus annuus, sunflower. 

 **Phytolacca decandra, pokeberry. 

 Smiladna racemosa, false spikenard. 

 Solanum nigrum, nightshade. 



It should be noted that the poison ivy and the poison sumac 

 are undesirable for indiscriminate planting, and that the bar- 

 berry, although generally regarded as a native, is, as Mr. Ken- 

 nard remarks, an introduced species. 



The first deciduous tree on the above list, the ash-leaved 

 maple or box elder, is noteworthy as a favorite of the evening 

 grosbeak while wintering here, and it seems probable that since 

 this beautiful bird has become a winter resident here in recent 

 years it might be induced to come and remain in larger num- 

 bers if many of these trees were planted. 



The American beech, while not attractive to small birds, 

 furnishes in its fruit a supply of food in autumn for ducks and 

 grouse. The oaks, which supply much insect food for many 

 birds, also furnish food in the form of acorns for ducks, grouse, 

 jays and crows. My own experience goes to show that Cornns 

 alternijolia is most important among the cornels. The Virginia 

 creeper or woodbine is useful, as its fruit is sought by thrushes. 

 Among the herbaceous plants the pokeweed and the sunflower 



