56 FRUIT AND POTATO DISEASES 



regard to spraying : " Spray thorouglily or not at all. I should 

 say that fully half the spraying which I have seen in western 

 New York in the last two or three years is a waste of time and 

 material. Squirting a few quarts of water at a tree as you 

 hurry past it, is not spraying A tree is thoroughly and honestly 

 sprayed when it is tvet all over^ on all tlie branches and on 

 both sides of all the leaves. An insect or fungus is not killed 

 until the poison is placed where the pest is." Again he says : 

 " The farmer should know what he wants to kill, before he 

 begins to spray. It is common to find a man who is going at 

 spraying with enthusiasm, but who cannot explain a single 

 definite object which he has in view. He simply knows upon 

 general principles that spraying is useful. To such a man, 

 spraying is spraying, whether he uses Paris green or Bordeaux, 

 or both, or neither one ; and his results are about equal to his 

 knowledge. There is no longer excuse for such ignorance, 

 for all the leading insects and fungi have received more or less 

 exact treatment in the publications of the experiment stations." 



WHEN TO SPRAY WITH BORDEAUX MIXTURE 



I^or Scab aiid Other Fungous Diseases of the Apple and 

 Pear. — Spray once before the blossoms open, and again as soon 

 as the blossoms fall, and a third time two weeks later. 



For Black K?iot on Plum. — Spray once before the buds 

 begin to swell, and again just before they burst. These spray- 

 ings are directed against the winter spores. For the summer 

 spores, spray the last of May and again about the middle of 

 June. 



For Early Blight on Early Potatoes. — Spray when the 

 vines are about two thirds grown, and a second time two weeks 

 later. 



For Both Early and Late Blight on Late Potatoes. — 

 Spray three times: the middle of July, the first of August, and 

 the middle of August. 



Rainy weather may render it advisable to spray at shorter 

 intervals, and to increase the number of sprayings. 



