THE CULTURE OF THE GRAPE, 19 



square. The height of the studs, between the sill and the 

 plate, is six feet one inch. (They must be made longer, to 

 allow for the part used in the mortise.) The upright sashes 

 are three feet ten inches wide, and six feet one inch long, and 

 glazed with six by eight glass. The stiles, or side-pieces of 

 the sashes, are two and one fourth inches wide, and one and 

 three eighths inches thick, and the rails, or top and bottom 

 pieces, are two and three fourths wide ; the inside pieces, of 

 which there are four, are one and three eighths inches Avide, 

 and seven eighths of an inch thick ; they are rabbeted to 

 take the glass ; they go from top to bottom. There are no 

 cross-pieces used for glazing, but this is begun at the bottom 

 of the sash, and the next glass lapped on the first about one 

 fourth of an inch, (not any more, as it is more likely to 

 break,) and so on, one above the other ; all the sashes are 

 glazed in this manner ; there are five rows of glass to a sash. 

 The sashes are strengthened in the middle by a piece of iron, 

 one inch wide and one fourth of an inch thick, which is cut 

 in even with the surface of the sash, on the inside, and se- 

 cured with a screw in each stile and inside piece which sup- 

 ports the glass. These sashes are hung on hinges at the top, 

 and open out, and are fastened on the inside with pieces of 

 iron one fourth of an inch thick and one inch wide. This is 

 about fourteen inches long, and it is secured to the rail of the 

 sash by a staple ; and, to hold the sash closed or open at any 

 desired distance from two to ten inches, another staple is 

 driven into the sill ; the iron plate has holes drilled in it, at 

 distances of two inches from the one that is made to secure 

 the sash, when shut, that it can be kept open to allow the air 

 to enter the house as wanted, in greater or smaller quantity ; 

 an iron pin secures this plate to the staple. On the ends, 

 the lower sashes are made like the side ones, but they are all 

 stationary. (In this house, only every other one of the 

 sashes are made to open ; they can all be so, if desired.) 

 The sashes above the plate are made to fit the inclination of 

 the roof. 



