20 THE CULTURE OF THE GRAPE. 



The roof is formed by rafters made of plank ; they are 

 about thirteen feet long, two inches thick, and nine inches 

 wide. A strip of wood, the length of the lower sash, is nailed 

 to the rafter to support this on the roof. Another piece is 

 nailed on the upper part to support the other sash ; this must 

 be put on in a line with the lip on the lower sash to allow the 

 upper to run over the under sash ; this lip is four eighths of 

 an inch thick. On the top of the lower sash is a piece of hard 

 pine for the rollers of the upper to run over, of which rollers 

 there are two on each side of the upper sash ; they are of 

 cast iron, secured to an iron plate, and screwed on the under 

 part of the stile. The roof-sashes are not of the same length, 

 the top ones being made shorter than the lower to run up and 

 down more easily, the difference being about two feet. 



The bottom rail of the lower sash of the roof is four and 

 one half inches wide ; the top rail is two and three fourths 

 inches ; the stile is two and one fourth inches wide, and one 

 and three eighths thick ; this is nailed at the bottom to the 

 plate, and on the side to the rafters. 



In the upper sash, the stiles are the same as in the under, 

 and the rails are both alike,— two and three fourths inches 

 wide ; the inside pieces in both sashes are of the same dimen- 

 sions as the upright ones, and, in all, are bevelled off, instead 

 of a moulding, to about three eighths of an inch in the centre. 

 Both sashes are strengthened with iron rods, let in even with 

 the surface of the under part of the wood work, and screwed 

 to each stile and inside piece, as are the upright ones ; the 

 glass is glazed in the same Avay. 



The centre, or ridge-piece, to which the rafters are let hi 

 and secured, is a plank two inches thick and ten inches wide ; 

 the groove for each rafter to rest in is about three eighths of 

 an inch deep ; they are fastened together by nails ; between 

 the rafters, for the sash to rest on, is a piece of plank. As 

 the means of lowering or shutting the upper light, or sash, a 

 staple is placed in the ridge-piece, to which is fastened the 

 end of a hne, that is then led through a side pulley on the 



