THE CULTURE OF THE GRAPE. 



199 



shoots lay on these. The Muscats, and other choice kinds, 

 which are grown expressly for the table, are generally trained 

 upon a trellis. 



At Pico, where the wine exported from Fayal is made, the 

 vine is trained on the surface of the soil, (which is mostly vol- 

 canic rock,) betAveen walls composed of stone, or lava ; and 

 between these, cross-walls are frequently interspersed, to 

 break the force of the winds, intersecting the vineyards in 

 the same form as a window-sash. At Madeira, a similar 

 method is pursued. 



Vines, in the open air, are more free from mildew when 

 trained quite high or very low. 



In villages on the continent of Europe, it is common to see, 

 in the principal streets, the vine trained on the houses, above 

 the lower windows, about twelve feet from the ground ; a 

 great quantity of fruit is thus produced at little expense ; the 

 roots running under the pavement of the street. 



The kinds grown are usually the small black sorts, similar 

 to the Early Black July, and Miller's Burgundy. They are 



trained to suit the taste or convenience of the cultivator. The 

 following method is frequently met with : — The leading shoot, 

 after the vine has become established, should be treated as 

 directed in the rules for the management of the American 

 grape. 



