CULTURE OP THE ROSE. 153 



twelve and thirteen feet — and should be set three feet in the 

 ground, that they may effectually resist the action of the wind. 

 The Rose having been cut down to the ground, is planted inside 

 of the pillar and will make strong growths the first season. As 

 the leading shoots appear, they should be trained spirally around 

 the outside of the pillar, and sujQBciently near each other to enable 

 them to fill up the intermediate space with their foliage. These 

 leading shoots will then form the permanent wood, and the young 

 side shoots, pruned in from year to year, will produce the flowers, 

 and at the flowering season cover the whole pillar with a mass 

 of rich and showy bloom. If the tops of the leading shoots lie 

 down at all, they should be shortened down to the first strong 

 eye, because, if a weak bud is left at the top, its growth will be 

 for a long time weak. The growth of different varieties of roses 

 is very varied ; some make delicate shoots and require little room, 

 while others, like the Q,ueen of the Prairies, are exceedingly ro- 

 bust and may require a larger pillar than the size we have men- 

 tioned. 



Climbing roses require very much the same treatment as pillar 

 roses, and are frequently trained over arches, or in festoons from 

 one pillar to another. In these the weak branches should also 

 be thinned out and the strong ones be allowed to remain without 

 being shortened, as in these an abundant bloom is wanted more 

 than large flowers. In training climbing roses over any flat sur- 

 face, as a trellis wall or side of a house, the principal point is so 

 to place the leading shoots that all the intermediate space may 

 be filled up with foliage. They can either be trained in fan-shape 

 with side shoots growing out from a main stem, or one leading 

 shoot can be encouraged and trained in parallel horizontal lines 

 to the top, care being taken to preserve sufficient intermediate 

 space for the foliage. Where no shoots are wanted, the buds can 

 be rubbed off before they push out. No weak shoots should be 

 allowed to grow from the bottom, but all the strong ones should 

 be allowed to grow as much as they may. When the interme- 

 diate space is filled with young wood and foliage, all the thin, 

 small shoots should be cut out every year and the strongest buds 



