40 OPEN AIR GRAPE CULTURE. 



an important difference in this respect, owing to pe- 

 culiar topographical features. Thus a range of hills 

 or a belt of woods, may so deflect the prevailing 

 winds, as to completely change the condition of two 

 localities situated within even a very short distance 

 of each other. 



In general, it will be found necessary to secure pro- 

 tection on the west, north and northeast. This may 

 be afforded either by natural local features, as by a 

 range of hills, or it may.be derived from artificial 

 sources, as woods or fences. 'No defence is better 

 than a good belt of Norway spruce, and if they form 

 a crescent in which the vineyard is embowered, but 

 little danger need be apprehended from violent winds. 

 Even high fences, which may be single, double or 

 triple, afford aipnle protection in ordinary cases, and 

 as trees, even of the fastest growing kind, take a con- 

 siderable time before they give sufficient protection, 

 many will prefer the fence. We are therefore tempted 

 to extract from the " Horticulturist" for August, 

 18i7, Downing's descrij^tion of the method by which 

 Frederic Tudor, Esq., has converted the naked pro- 

 montory of Nahant into a luxuriant garden. 



"To appreciate the difficulties with which this 

 genlieman had to contend, or as we might more 

 properly say, which stimulated all his efforts, we 

 must recall to mind that, frequently, in high winds^ 



