APPENDIX n. 367 



ordinary vineyard, and subjected to the same method of cultiva- 

 tion. These poles, separated by an interval of 53 inches, rise to 

 a height of 13 inches above the soil, so that the rain may not 

 cover the grapes with mud. 



In the same climate, the same variety of grape supported on 

 a pole is always inferior to that cultivated upon a wall. The 

 grapes from the pole vines are always worse than those from 

 the contre espalier. 



The earliest varieties only should be cultivated in this man- 

 ner, since the temperature of the contre espaliers is alw^ays 

 lower than that of the espaliers. 



CULTUEE OF TABlE GKAPES IN SOUTHERN FRANCE. 



In the south of France the greater warmth and dryness of the 

 climate hastens to a great extent the annual vegetation of the 

 vine, and the ripening of the fruit is accomplished without its 

 being necessary to increase the warmth of the atmosphere arti- 

 ficially, or to moderate and even to arrest the growth of the 

 vines. Hence the vine grows most vigorously and the choice 

 varieties of table grapes which are native to these regions have 

 a much greater development than those which belong to the 

 centre and north of France. Finally, these varieties require 

 less pruning in order to produce grapes. These different con- 

 siderations give rise to the following modifications in processes 

 of grape culture for those regions. 



First. The vine should be placed on espaliers, single or 

 double, the supports of which should be like those already 

 described. In aU cases the walls of the garden which have the 

 warmest exposure should be devoted to the vine, and for these 

 walls should be selected the latest varieties. 



Second, The vines should be planted before winter, as if 

 planted later they suffer much from the dryness of the spring. 



Third. As the vine grows with much more strength in the 

 south than in the north of France, whether on account of the 

 climate, or the nature of the varieties peculiar to that region, it 

 is necessary that they should be planted at a greater distance 



