368 APPENDIX n. 



one from the other. For the vertical cordons, with opposite 

 lateral shoots, it will be proper to leave an interval of 24 inches 

 between each cordon instead of 14. 



Fourth. The coursons of those varieties analogous to the chas- 

 Belas, on account of their strength are cut so as to leave two 

 buds as we have explained, but all those which grow with more 

 strength are cut so as to leave tliree buds. 



Fifth. The operation of thinning the clusters is as efficacious 

 in the south as in the north, but removing the leaves would be 

 much more injurious than beneficial. Onlj the leaves which 

 cover the clusters are to be taken off, and those only at the time 

 when the grapes are perfectly transparent. 



Sixth. The vine in the south being stronger than in the north, 

 a third more clusters than the amount previously specified are 

 allowed to remain upon the vine. 



Diseases of the Vine — Debtrfgtive Aotqials akd Insects. 

 — ^The diseases of the vine have been already referred to, and 

 we will confine ourselves at present to the consideration of the 

 destructive animals and insects, which especially attack the 

 trellised vine. 



Birds, and particularly sparrows, thrushes, grossbeaks and 

 black-birds are the great enemies of the trellised vine. When 

 these birds do not fly in large flocks and descend in great numbers 

 upon one place, they occasion little mischief, and the cultivators 

 of Thomery adopt no precaution against them. Nets undoubt- 

 edly would be a good defence, but their price prevents their 

 being employed over a large surface. 



M. Orbelin, of St. Maur, near Paris, has contrived, as a 

 defence against birds, little mirrors with a double face, of a very 

 moderate price, and the result, up to the present time, has been 

 very satisfactory. In the spring the first young shoots are 

 often devoured by snails or slugs. Their size, their slow pro- 

 gress, and their habit of taking refuge in the chinks of the wall 

 or behind the trellis, and of coming out in the morning or 

 during the rain renders their destruction easy. 



The Icerynes, known also under the name of gall insect, be- 

 longs to the genus coccus^ and particularly attacks the peach 



