ECONOMY OF FARMING. 17 



whilst on a mow or high-raised floor two men will unload 1 cart-load in 20 to 25 

 minutes, and one man will do it in from 25 to 40 minutes. For stowing away the 

 hay and making it in bundles and binding it, tour, six, ten and yet more persons are 

 needed. If it is thrown oh" into a mow, two or at the highest three persons are suffi- 

 cient for the purpose. Of well-arranged heaps of short-prepared manure, one man 

 can easily load in a day 12 cart-loads of 1800 to 2400 weight ; of that which 

 consists oi" long straw, scarcely from 9 to 10 cartloads. The labor of carrying it 

 out nmst depend on the distance, &-c. ; near by 10 or 12 cart-loads of one yoke 

 can be carried in a day ; at a moderate distance 6 to 8 cart-loads; or 6 to SOOO feet 

 off, 3 to 4 cart-loads, b'or unloading, one man can unload 30 to 45 loads in a day, 

 when he can keep steadily engaged in this labor. If the manure is placed in rows 

 20 feet from one another, and the heaps in each row the same distance from each 

 other, and there be 8 heaps to a 20 cwt. load, there will be 100 heaps on a morgen, 

 or 12-^- loads or 250 cwt." (It is mentioned in the British Husbandry that of heaps of 

 manure there are 



,at 5 yds. distance, 193 per acre. at 7 yds. distance, 98 per acre, 



at 5^ yds. " 160 per acre. at 7^ yds " 86 per acre, 



at 6 yds. " 134 per acre. at 8 yds. " 75 per acre, 



at 6. J yds. " 114 per acre. 

 Allow a cubic yard to contain the solid contents of 27 bushels, and the computation ia 

 easily made.) ' To spread these heaps of short manure, one person will spread in a 

 day 14 to 18 two-yoked cartdoads, and of the less perfectl)^ prepared strawy or cloddy 

 kind, 10 to 12 cart loads. Of compost, marl, and earthy manure, on account of the 

 greater weight, there is needed for one morgen as many as 25 to 30 two-yoked cart- 

 loads. One person will load in a day 8 to 10 cart-loads, and spread about S loads. 

 Of the dust or powdery kinds, as gypsum, ashes, lime, &c. — which must be spread 

 broadcast — a man w^ill spread 4 to 6 morgen (.= 3^ to 5 acres). If stall manure or 

 compost is to be laid in holes made for seed, there will be from 10 to 16 000 holes for 

 1 morgen (or ^- of an acre), and for this two and a half to three and a half persona 

 are requisite in a day. For fd'ing water-vats or holes by pumps one laborer is 

 allowed for 75 to 100 eimcrsin a day (one eimer is about 15 gallons). A vat full of 

 water containing from 10 to 12eimersror a one-yoked load weighs 14 to 10 cwt., and 

 one of 16 eimers for a. two-yoked load 20 to 23 cwt. 



'' For laying potatoes in planting five or six persons are required for three-horse 

 ploughs ; for ox-ploughs which are less expeditious, four to five persons are suffi- 

 cient for the same purpose. One person in laying potatoes will average 1 morgen 

 (■} of an acre) with 2^ to 4 schiiifel of potatoes ( a schaffel in Bavaria lis about°6| 

 bushels). One person makes the holes, another drops the potatoes, and the first 

 covers them : two persons in this way will plant 0.4 morgen (^ an acre), or five per- 

 sons one morgen ( = 4 acre). Of the seeds of maize, beets, poppy and sunflower, 

 laid in holes made with the hand-hoe and manured with compost, three to four per- 

 sons will sow in one day 1 morgen (= | acre). In sowing the usual grains, one 

 man will sow in a day, with a cast of suitable breadth, say of from 14 to 16 schuh 

 (= about as many feet), from 12 to 16 morgen (= 10 to 13| acres) with 6 to 9 

 schaflel r= 37 to 56 bushels) ; on 10 or 12-furrowed beds with a cast of 7 to 10 or 

 12 schuh, 9 to 12 morgen (= 7^ to 10 acres), with 5 to 8 schaffel (=31.115 to 49.8 

 bushels) ; at a less cast 7 to 9 morgen (5:^ to 7j acres) with 4 to 7 schaflfel (= 25 

 to 43^' bushels\ and with less sized seed, as of turnips, clover, cabbage, &c., broadcast, 

 8 to 10 morgen (= 6j to 8^ acres). In marking out the breadth of the casts one 

 man will mark out in a day from 30 to 40 morgen (= 25 to 33^ acres). In hocino- 

 plants with a hand hoe in a day six to eight persons are necessary for 1 morgen 

 (= c acre). 



" If plants that were sown broadcast require to be weeded, sixteen to twenty persona 

 are needed for 1 morgen ( - acre) in a day. If in rows of fallow fruit or such aa 

 are to be weeded in only particular parts, four to eight persons will be sufficient for a 

 morgen (\ acre). Thinning out grain, one person in a day can do from 1 to 2 mor- 

 gen (^ to 1," acre). In rea]dng with a sickle, one person can cut in a day with hin- 

 derances during his work, from its being lodged or in a very thick state, or when the 

 grain falls out easily, 0.25 to 0.30 of a morgen (i to ^ of an acre) ; and in a pro- 

 per state of the grain without hinderances, 6.50 to 0.75 -,^.- to ^ of an acre ; on an 

 average, 0.40 to 0.50 morgen (^ to ^o- of an acre). To 1 morgen, therefore (5- 

 acre), are required, at the least rate, 1^, at the highest 4, and on an avernge 2^ 

 reapers. With a scythe, in one day, a nnwer for grain must be allotted to'' from 

 1^ to 1| morgen (l-^^^- to If^ acres.). Of the leguminous fruits, peas, vetches and 



3 



