54 



ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



14 draught-horses, 1 saddle-horse, nine men regularly employed, nine women 150 days, 

 two domestic servants, and extra laborers in the harvest. 



On 650 acres of arable land, 7 pairs of horses, and a pair of mares in foal, and 1 pair 

 of young horses. 



Again it is said, that one team is usually sufficient for from 40 to 50 acres of heavy 

 soil, or 50 to 60 acres of lighter soil. Elsewhere on 150 to 200 acres of plough-land, 

 there were 12 to 16 oxen ; and on a farm of 150 to 200 acres, 4 horses, and of Irom 50 

 to 60 acres, about 3 horses. 



It is also said, p. 122 of Vol. I. of the same work: "Each plough-team must have 

 a ploughman, if 4 horses, or a proportionate number of oxen, be used together j and 

 they must have a driver ; if in pairs, two ploughmen ; but in the former case, one 

 man and boy are sufficient ; and in the latter, two men are required, a carter and 

 ploughman, and his mate. These, with a constant day-laborer, and a boy to every 

 100 acres of arable land, will be generally sufficient for the regular work on that, and a 

 due proportion of the meadow ; but on large holdings, where grazing and dairy forms 

 part of the system, flocks and herds require separate attendants." — Tr. 



24. The cash value of a day's work of a beast, for a team, may be 

 calculated, if we add together the value of the fodder and straw which the 

 beast needs during the whole year, the interest of the purchase-capital, the 

 deterioration of the beast, of the harness, and farming utensils used by him ; 

 then deduct from this sum the value of the manure obtained from him, (B. 

 3.3), and then divide the remainder by the number of days' work. 



The value of fodder which has no market price, consists in the proportion of the 

 nutriment it contains to grain. Those materials for Utter which are not produced on 

 the fields, should be reckoned to the animals according to the cost of obtaining each 

 of them. 



[According to Dr. Playfair, the principles of food necessary for the two great 

 processes of life, Nutrition and Respiration, are these : 



Elements of Nutrition : Vegetable Fibrine, 

 " Albumen, 

 " Casein, 

 Animal Flesh, 

 " Blood. 



Elements of Respiration : Fat, 



Starch, 



Gum, 



Sugar, 



Wine, 



Spiritfl, 



Beer, 



The following table gives the analysis of various kinds of food of cattle in their 

 fresh state : 



The following is also a table of the equivalent value of several kinds of food, with 

 reference to thf; fo-mation of muscle and fat; the albumen indicating the muscle' 

 forming principle ; the unazotised matters indicating the/a^forming principle: 



