58 ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



Parts by weight. 



Natron or soda, 0,024 



Phosphoric acid united with iron and calcareous earth, i. e., phosphates 



of iron and hme, 1,776 



Sulphate of iron, 0,122 



Chlorine, 0,036 



Humic acid, 1,950 



Organic bodies containing nitrogen, 0,236 



Wax and resin, . . ...*.... 0.025 



100,000 



2. From uplands, near the Ohio, also distinguished for extraordinary fertihty. 



100,000 parts by weight of the earth contain 



Silicious earth and fine quartz sand, 87,143 



Alumine, 5,666 



Oxyde of iron and oxydulated iron, 2,220 



Oxyde of manganese, 0,360 



Calcareous earth, 0,564 



Magnesia, 0,324 



Potash united with siUcious earth, 0,120 



Natron or soda, 0,025 



Phosphoric acid, ^ 0,060 



Sulphuric acid, 7 0,027 



Chlorine, 0,036 



Humic acid, 1,304 



Humus, 1,072 



Carbonate of lime, 0,080 



Organic bodies containing nitrogen, ....... 1,011 



100,000 



3. The sub-soil of this soil consists, in 100,000 parts by weight, of 



Silicious earth and quartz sand, 94,261 



Alumine, 1,376 



Oxyde of iron, 2,336 



Oxyde of manganese, 1,200 



Calcareous earth, ^ . . . . 0.243 



Magnesia, . 0,310 



Potash and soda united with silicious earth (silicate of potash), . 0,240 



Phosphoric acid, slight traces 



Sulphuric acid 0,034 



Muriate of soda, slight traces 



100,000 

 The conclusion at which he arrives, after 170 analyses of soils is, that " according 

 to close inspection of all these chemical analyses, we must conclude that a soil which 

 is very fruitful, besides clay, calcareous earth and humus — which have heretofore 

 been considered necessary — must contain also a considerable quantity of iron, man- 

 ganese, magnesia, potash, soda, chlorine, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, and bodies 

 containing nitrogen." 



Sprengel also mentions, as points to be regarded in deciding the value of soils for 

 the purposes of culture ; their position as inclined or horizontal, high or low, exposed 

 more to the north, south, east or west, and near the sea or lakes and rivers, &c. ; their 

 climate, warm or cold, moist or dry, &c. ; their relations or circumstances near woods 

 or islands, &c. ; mountains, marshes, cities or towns, manufactories of various kinds, 

 which may afford materials for manure, market, &c. The worth of soils also may 

 be judged of by certain visible marks, as the wild plants which are found on them. 

 Of these he gives a list which he classes as (the bodenstete) those set in the soil, 

 natural to it ; (the bodenholde) those friendly to it; and (the bodenvage) those which, 

 though not natural to it. are sometimes found. By the two first, the former of them 

 especially, the character of tlie soil is determined. The color too, taste, mixture, the 

 stones great or small, looseness or firmness, friability, insects, worms, moles, birds, and 

 many things of this kind, should be taken into account in forming tlie judgment 



