ECONOMY OF FARMING. 81 



In straw, the field gives, 



of winter rye, on 2 yokes = 2.S44 acres, 6,200 lbs. 

 oats, " " « " 2,600 " 



8,800 



If the field should henceforth produce this crop, then must it, for the 30 metzen 

 (= 50.7 bushels) of winter rye at 80 lbs. per metzen, = 2,400 lbs , and 34 metzen 

 (= 57^ bushels, nearly) of oats, at 50 lbs. per metzen, together 4,100, yield a suffi- 

 cient substitute : therefore, at least as much weight in good hay, that is for 6 yokes of 

 plough-land, a yoke of good meadow is necessary ; or, if a part of the straw is fod- 

 dered out, or is taken away for other purposes, then we must have at hand, in propor- 

 tionate quantity, some foreign materials of litter. 



If one changes 88 cwt. of straw, and 41 cwt. of hay, by fodder and litter, into stall- 

 manure, then he has, as we have proved in another place, 278 cwt. of half-rotted 

 manure, = 23 double-spanned cartloads, which must be carried out in the fallow of 

 the first year. As the field is manured only once in 6 years, this comes each year 

 to 46 cwt. 



If now we wish to cultivate peas, but without having a less product of rye and 

 oats: 



Metzen. Bushels. Wt. of metzen. Wt. of bushel. Whole weight. 



In the 1st year, Peas, 12 = 20.28 94 lbs. = 56 lbs. nearly. 1128 lbs. 



" 2d « Rye, 16 = 27 80 « = 48 " 2280 " 



" 3d « Oats, 18 = 30.3 50 " = 30 « 900 " 



« 4th " Peas, 10 == 16.9 94 " = 56 " nearly. 940 " 



« 5th " Rye, 14 = 23.6 80 " = 48 » 1120 " 



" 6th " Oats, 16 = 27 50 ^' = 30 " 800 " 



86 = 145.28 6168 " 



2 yokes of peas give of straw, 6600 " 



Straw of rye and oats, as before, 8800 " 



The greater production which we may wish to secure gives, in 2 yokes ( = 2.844 

 acres), 22 metzen of peas (= 37.18 bushels), = 2068 lbs., and 66 cwt. of straw, to- 

 gether in weight, 8868 lbs. If with the beginning of the new culture, we buy 21 cwt. 

 of hay, and 66 lbs. of straw, and change it in the yard into manure; or if we buy 

 174 cwt. of good stall-manure, and carry it on the fallow field, then this product 

 would be possible. If this mode of culture be pursued, there would be needed as 

 much hay as the weight of the grain bears, 6168 lbs., that is, for 6 yokes of plough- 

 land, would be needed 2 yokes of usual meadow, or other kind of substitute, in litter, 

 pasture, &c., in order to be able to employ the straw more for fodder, and to need 

 less hay. Should 6168 lbs. of hay be made into manure, with 15,400 lbs of straw in 

 the stall, then this would give 431 cwt., = 36 double-spanned cartloads. If we di- 

 vide this quantity of manure among 6 years, then there is for each, 71 cwt. per yoke. 



But does this product correspond too little to our needs ? Do we wish more grain, 

 and because for this more manure is necessary, do we wish to produce this by em- 

 ploying a part of the field for plants for fodder ? 



Since we have not sufficient meadow or other opportunity to procure the materials 

 for manure, for this purpose we cultivate our land in the following rotation : 



Metzen. Bushels. Weight of a metzen. Weight of a bushel. Whole weight 



11 



