5 ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



Accordino" to the before-mentioned culture, we produced — 



of Grain, 6,168 lbs. 



of Straw, 15,400 



21,568 



Now we have produced, in Grain and Clover, 14,252 lbs. 



Straw, 13,100 



27,352 lbs. 

 This is 5784 lbs. more than by the former culture, for which we in the beginning, 

 that is, in the first year, buy 20 cwt. of hay, and 40 cwt. of straw, or 120 cwt. of ma- 

 nure, which, together with the already-prodvced manure, we bring upon the field of 

 maize. The field yields us by this culture, in 



Grain, 8,252 lbs. 



Straw, 13,100 '' 



Clover, 6,000 " 



We should need to make up for the hay, 8252 lbs. But because the clover, by the 



falhng leaves, and yet more, in a great part, by its many and great roots remaining in 



the soil, yields a compensation for the humus received ; therefore only f of the weight 



of its product need be reckoned as necessary for the production of manure, and* we 



subtract then from the 8252 lbs. of the hay required, 2000 lbs ; there remain over 



only 6252 lbs. of hay, which we need yearly in carrying on this culture, besides the 



clover. 



Should there be 6252 lbs. of hay, 

 6,000 " " clover. 

 13,100 " " straw,' 



total, 25,352 lbs. to be converted into manure, then we have 

 517 cwt., = 43 double-spanned cartloads. Divided among 6 years, it comes to 86 

 cwt. per yoke. 



In the Threefield system, we have had 41 cwt. of hay necessary to produce 64 

 metzen of grain ; here we need 52| cwt. of hay, but for it we produce 112 metzen on 

 I of the same extent, which we owe in a great measure to the clover. 



The estimate is derived from the above proposed positions — that the field remains 

 in like power, if that which it produced be employed again on it; and will produce a 

 compensation for that which is taken from it. Tf one know, therefore, what he has 

 produced from one manuring to another, and also how much manure he had, he can 

 conclude with tolerable accuracy as to the increase of the latter on the quantity of 

 the increase of production." 



Veit has many interesting particulars on these subjects, which in part I shall be 

 obliged to quote in substance only. According to various experiments, the following 

 conclusions are established, Vol. I, p. 333 : 



"1. That if the soil is fructified before the sowing of the seed, the vegetation is 

 stronger and more rapid than if manured after the sowing of the seed. 



" 2. In the period from the time of germination to the starting up of the grain 

 stalk, or shooting of ears, a much greater effect follows the manuring than later. But 

 especially was the greatness of the number of the culms of a single root-stalk depend- 

 ent on the manure which was applied equally after the course of the seed-time, 

 or the coming forth of the germ-leaf, to the putting out of the fourth leaf 



" 3. In the period from the beginning of the shooting forth of the ears to their devel- 

 opment out of their sheath, the manuring was yet noticeable, but about f less than 

 in the former period. 



" 4. Were the ears already formed and the addition of the grain already visible, 

 then the consequence of manuring would not in all cases be verified, or at most only 

 a slight, scarcely perceptible change of color of the culm. 



"5. If manured after the blossom, no trace of the given manuring was noticeable. 



" 6. The fruits that followed gave, agreeably to the foregoing results, so much the 

 better harvest, by how much the shorter time after the germination of the manured 

 fruit preceding they were taken from the soil or harvested." " The most active work- 

 ing over of the nutritious substance appears, in other words, in the period from the 

 beginning of the putting forth of the culm to the breaking out of the ears from the 

 same. In this period is formed the comparatively vegetable mass, which in the be- 

 ginning of the time of flowering unites in itself nearly all the nutritious substance, 



