112 ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



Therefore, according to the proportions adopted. 



Will manure at 

 Of straw and fodder. Manure. 22,000 lbs. per yoke. 



For a large ox, 6793 lbs. 15,624 lbs. 0.71 yoke 



" middle-sized " 5658 13,013 0.59 



«' small " ♦' 4528 10,400 0.47 



« large " cow 4288 9,862 0.44 



" middle " " 3518 8.091 0.36 



« small " " 2861 6,580 0.30 



« Btabled horse, 7287 11,222 0.51 



Average per head, 0.48 yoke = -^ of an acre. 

 " In my edition of Bergen's Guide for raising cattle, I have given a table of the 

 fodder which some cows of mine consumed in a year. It amounted per head to, 



Reduced to hay value. 



White cabbage, . . . 4,790 lbs. 798 lbs. 



Potatoes, .... 3,820 1,910 

 Turnips, .... 1,790 335 



Carrots, .... 1,210 453 



Green clover, .... 13,800 3,066 



Hay, 1.630 



Straw-fodder, 2,266 



Straw-litter, 3,577 



from which was produced 32,280 lbs. of manure. 



'• See also on this point, the table quoted from Veit, Vol. I. p. 287, already given 



on pages 103—106 of this work.— Tr.] 



5. WHAT PROPORTION MUST THE PRODUCTION OF PLANTS FOR SALE BEAR TO THE PRO- 

 DUCTION OF THOSE FOR FODDER? 



1. The object of Agriculture is the highest gain; which is obtained from 

 the sale of those vegetable and animal products that are not required for 

 the management of the farm. 



2. But since beasts are necessary for the nourishment of plants, and the 

 degree of the growth of plants depends on the quality of manure which 

 the fields receive ; hence is clear the necessity of producing so much ma- 

 nure in every farm as is needed to keep the field in a state of uniform 

 power, or if this is too small, to increase it. 



3. In a farm which has for its object simply the rearing of cattle, or the 

 domestic use of them, we need only suit the number of cattle to the pro- 

 duce of the land, because all the land, be it plough-land or meadow or pas- 

 ture, produces only plants for fodder ; and in the same proportions as the 

 produce of the land in plants is raised by the manure employed, the num- 

 ber of cattle, or the product of any particular part which before was less, 

 may be increased. 



4. But in a farm which derives a great part of its receipts from the sale of 

 vegetable produce, must a part of the land be employed for the food of the 

 beasts required for carrying on the operations of the farm, and another por- 

 tion for the production of plants, &ic., for sale. 



5. The proportion between the lands which must be allotted to the 

 production of manure, and that which yields products, which are not so 

 employed, is found from the produce of the first in fodder and litter, and 

 the need in manure of the latter. 



6. There must, therefore, always be so much land employed for the 

 production of fodder and litter, that the manure produced will maintain 



