ECONOMY OF FARMING. 113 



the entire extent of the field under culture, in the highest capacity of pro- 

 duction suited to the circumstances. 



7. But fodder and litter either grows spontaneously on meadows, pas- 

 tures, in woods and bogs, or is purposely produced on cultivated grounds. 



8. When the manure, which proceeds from the employment of the natural 

 fields of fodder and litter, is sufficient for the quantity of production of the 

 plough-land, then can this be wholly employed for plants for sale ; if a 

 part only fails, then this may be replaced by the production of as much 

 straw from the cultivation of grain as is needed ; but, should there be little 

 or a very disproportionately small portion existing of such natural fields of 

 fodder or litter, then must the whole, or the greatest part of the manure,, 

 be obtained from the production of the cultivated land, and one must then 

 employ according to the proportion of the circumstances which, more or 

 less agree with the growth of plants for fodder, in favorable circumstances, 

 one quarter, often one half, and yet more of the plough-land for the pro- 

 duction of fodder, in order to be able, on the other, to produce grain and 

 other plants for the purposes of trade. 



Where all land consists only in that which is tilled, and neither meadows, pastures, 

 nor woods, are found, and all the fodder and litter must be produced on the plough- 

 land, we can only, in the most favorable situation, be satisfied with a fourth part to. 

 be used for fodder, and ought to raise on the other three parts, no herbaceous plants, 

 which yield no straw. Take as an example this rotation: 1, Maize ; 2, Barley; 

 3, Clover ; 4, Wheat. 



The produce on 100 yokes (142.2 acres,) of plough land: 

 Of Maize, 25 yokes (nearly 35:^ acres), at 30 metzen (50.7 bushels), is 1,750 

 metzen ( 2,957 1 bushels), at 80 lbs. = 60,000 lbs. 



Barley, 25 yokes (nearly 35^ acres), at 20 metzen (33.8 bushels), is 500 met- 

 zen (845 bushels), at 66 lbs. is 33,300 lbs. 



Clover, 25 yokes (nearly 35:]: acres), at 6,000 lbs. is 150,000 lbs. 

 Wheat, 25 yokes (nearly 35:^ acres), at 16 metzen ( = 27 bushels), 450 metzen 

 (760 bushels), at 82 lbs. is 32,000 lbs. 



The manure will be produced from 1,500 cwt. of clover, and also from 

 25 yokes of Maize-stalks at 35 cwt. = 875 " 

 " " Barley-straw at 20 " 500 '' 



« " Wheat-straw at 30 " 750 " 



3625 " 

 As all the straw, with the clover, will be restored to the field in manure, so ought the 

 weight of the grain raised on it, and not employed for the production of manure, be 

 restored by an equal weight of other vegetables, or by the surplus of the gain in 

 assimilating inorganic matter, which the clover makes. 

 The weight of the grain-harvest yields : 



Of Maize, . . .600 cwt 



Of Barley, . . . . 330 « 



Of Wheat, ... 328 " 



1258 « 



and since half of the product of the clover yields, as the surplus of the gain in as-' 

 similating inorganic matter, 750 cwt ; therefore, there are only wanting 508 cwt of 

 hay and straw in order to make up the given production of the cultivated field, but 

 which deficiency will be fully covered by the roots of clover. 



If little clover is raised, then 31 yokes ( = 44 acres,) of meadow requiring no 

 manure, and which will give each 40 cwt. of hay, is needed to produce so much 

 fodder as, joined with the straw of the cultivated field, may furnish the necessary- 

 manure to yield the above-mentioned product of grain. Here then are -^ of the 

 field for fodder, against f of cultivated land. 



Is the situation less favorable for clover or luzerne, and must vetches in part lake 



15 



