116 ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



" In resorting to the production of roots, tjie following is the result in the case of 

 potatoes, &c. 



Materials of rranure. Manure. 



^ i half potatoes, .... 3,780 kilog. 6,615 kilog. 



^ y®^^' ^ half naked fallow, ... 



„ ^, \ half wheat, .... 1,650 3,300 



'^ ^ half rye 170 3.500 



„ „ S half oats, .... 1,500 2,625 



"^ ( half barley, 1,100 1,925 



4 '' clover, dry, .... 5,000 8,270 



5 " wheat, 3,300 6.600 



6 " oats, 3,000 5,250 



Total, 21,080 kilogr. 38,085 kilogr. 



The manure is 42 1 cartloads. 



The need of manure is, for half a hectare of fallow, 9 cartloads. 

 " " " " potatoes, 15 



For 1 hectare of clover, 24 



48 



" There is a deficiency, therefore, of 5f cartloads of manure. The amount on 100 

 hectares is 94^ cartloads, for which 17^ hectares of meadow are required. On com- 

 parison of the above three examples of the culture of grain, it appears that without the 

 culture of fodder, but with a 3d part naked fallows, on 100 morgen of plough-land, 33 

 hectares of good meadow, which require no manure, are needed; that with the cul- 

 ture of clover, with the use of the 6th part as naked fallow, 23 morgen ; and finally with 

 clover and potatoes, using -/.r of naked fallow, 17^ morgen of meadow are required. 

 Therefore we save, on 100 morgen of plough-land, by clover, 10 morgen of grass 

 growth, and by the culture of potatoes, 5^ morgen. We might therefore expect that 

 clover and potatoes, where both are resorted to, would gain f part of the cultivated 

 soil for the plough. If we compare the above examples, it follows that only by a fre- 

 quent return of the naked fallow, as well in the system of grain crops as in the rota- 

 tion of fraits, can an addition of meadows be avoided." — Tr.] 



9. Should the cattle feed themselves in the summer on the pastures, 

 and we compare the quantity of the pasture-land with the quantity of the 

 plough-land, we must, according to the proportion of the goodness of the 

 pasture, have at least as much field for fodder, in order to keep an equal 

 amount of plough-land in a fruitful state. If the meadows are poor, and 

 one has only little meadow, and practises fallow, then the extent of the 

 grain-bearing land to the pasture, meadow, and fallow, is often as 100 to 

 200 and upwards. 



The farm of Mr. Bloomfield, in Norfolk, described in the 1st Vol. of t.lie MOglin 

 Annals, had 800 acres of plough-land, of which one-half was sown with turnips, clo- 

 ver, and vetches, together with 100 acres of artificial, 900 acres of natural pasture. 

 400-[-100-|-900 = 1400 acres of land for fodder, against 400 acres of grain-bearing 

 land. That he could easily raise on this 36 metzen (^= 68 ,V bushels) of barley, and 

 26 metzen (= 44 bushels) of wheat per yoke, we may well believe, if we consider 

 only the extent of the pasture on the strand, on account of its exposure to the flood. 



The estates of Gusow and Platkow have on the high grounds : 



In wheat, barley, and oat-land, . 1477 morgen, at | of an acre. 



In three year rye-land, . . 300 " 



In wheat, . . . . 90 " 



1867 

 If we set off from the first land | for fallow = 492, and from the 2d ^ as pasture 

 = 200, there remains 985 morgen of grain-bearing land, but of which again 70 mor- 

 gen must be subtracted for clover and potatoes ; therefore 915 morgen against 952 

 morgen of pasture, and some meadow. 



In fallow tliese estates have in wheat, rye, barley, and oatland, 1735 morgen, 

 In meadow, . . .602 " 



2337 



