ECONOMY OF FARMING. 117 



If we set off of the first I- for fallow, with 578 morgen, 80 morgen more for clover 

 and potatoes, there i-emain 1077 morgen of grain-bearing land against 1260 morgen 

 of pasture, meadow, and plants for foddei. But that this proportion of land for fod- 

 der to the grain-bearing land is not sufficient, and that too little winter-fodder would 

 thus be produced, the small harvests which I have mentioned in many places in the 

 Special Culture of plants proves. 



Muglin had in 7 divisions 619 morgen of plough-land. The rotation was, 1, hoed- 

 fruits, the greater part of which were foddered out ; 2, barley ; 3, clover ; 4, winter- 

 fruit; 6, husk-fruit; 7, winter-fruit. There were -^ of the plough-land cultivated with 

 plants for fodder. The inclosed divisions contained 350 morgen, and were used two 

 years one after ano.her, for grain, and then three years for pasture. The farm of 

 KoenigsholY produced on an average 777 cwt. of hay yearly, and probably half as 

 much in straw = 1165 cwt, which might well enough be the case on 100 morgen of 

 land. 



There was, therefore, 



In MOglin, of . . 619 morgen, set apart for fodder 258 morgen. 

 In the inclosed divisions of 350 " ♦' pasture 210 '* 



Total, 969 « " Total, 468 " 



On the farm of KoenigshofT, hay and litter was obtained on 100 " 



Total, 568 



Without regarding the addition of Koenigshoff, the proportion in MOghn between 

 land for grain and ibr fodder, was as 969—468 = 501 to 468, that is, as 100 to 93. 

 With Koenigshoff as 501 to 568, i. e. 100 to 111. With the Koppel, or Egarten- 

 wirthschaft (see 6, 7.) there is always more land necessary for fodder than ought to 

 be employed for the production of grain. The Koppel-wirthschaft which Thaer 

 mentions in the 1st Vol. of his Rationellen Landwirthsch, p. 159, consisted of 1200 

 morgen of ])iough-land, but of which only if was sown with grain, 450 morgen ; tlie 

 other ^ = 650 morgen, are 150 morgen fallow, 150 morgen, of clover, and 450 mor- 

 gen of pasture. This farm required further 150 morgen of meadow, and 100 yokes of 

 out-pasture : 650 -}- 150-1- 100 = 900 morgen of land for fodder against 450 morgen 

 of laud for grain. 



If we examine our mountain-farms with their fallows, heath-pastures, meadow and 

 woods, which produce little in abundance, we should find frequently 30 and 40 yoke 

 of land for fodder and litter, against 10 yoke of grain-land. 



6. How MUST THE DIFFERENT PLANTS CULTIVATED FOLLOW EACH OTHER, SO THAT THE 

 NECESSARY WANTS OF FODDER AND LITTER MAY BE MET AND SUITED TO THE GREAT- 

 EST POSSIBLE PRODUCTION OF PLANTS FOR GRAIN AND FOR TRADE. WITHOUT THE 

 FIELD BEING TOO MUCH EXHAUSTED OR RENDERED BARREN, OR NEEDING ANY EXTRA- 

 ORDINARY CULTURE ? 



1. The order in which the crops should follow one another on a field is 

 called the Succession of Fruit (Frucht-folge, Frucht-wechsel)or the Turnus. 



2. Such plants only ought to be adopted in the Succession of Crops in a 

 given country, which are suited to the nature of the climate, of the soil, and 

 the circumstances of local situation. 



In a dry and loose soil, to cultivate wheat will bring the greatest disadvantage, 

 while rye and buckwheat will yield the best profit Beans in a moist, cold climate 

 bring more profit than maize, and vice versa; and where there are only a few men 

 for labor, all those vegetables which require much hand-labor, as millet, flax, carrots, 

 &c., yield little or no profit. 



3. Plants which we cultivate in any farm standing by Itself, are cither 

 designed as food for the beasts required for their cultivation, plants for 

 fodder, or to yield products — which only in part, or scarcely not at all, are 

 applied to the nourishment of beasts, or the production of manure — and 

 plants for grain or for trade. 



