113 ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



4. WheiX' sufficient pastures and meadows exist, there the whole field 

 can be employed for wheat and plants for trade. 



5. The mode of husbandry, where the land under cultivation is em- 

 ployed only for the production of grain and plants for trade, and not for 

 vegetables for fodder, is called Field-farming (Felder-wirthschaft.) 



6. Where pasture and meadows are wanting, or not existing in sufficient 

 extent and goodness, the fodder must be wholly or in part produced upon 

 the field, and plants for fodder and grain, must be interchanged on the cul- 

 tivated land. 



7. When the field is left over for two or more years to a wild natural 

 growth of grass, and in this time is used as a meadow or pasture, 

 this mode of husbandry is called the Egarten, or Koppel-wirthschaft ; but 

 if the field is sown alternately with grain and plants for fodder, and 

 this last cultivated proportionally, this kind of husbandry is called the 

 Rotation of Crops (Frucht-wechsel-wirthschaft). 



8. The Field-farming (Felder-wirthschaft) may be adopted wherever 

 pastures and meadows, required for the amount of cultivated land, and its 

 comparatively highest use, exist in sufficient extent, and are not capable of 

 a higher use. 



9. The Natural Grass-growth, (Koppel-wirthschaft) is only profitable 

 where the climate so much favors the natural grov/th of grass, that the field 

 left to itself will become a meadow, if it is not ploughed, without the ne- 

 cessity of sowing it with plants for fodder. 



10. The Rotation of Crops (Frucht-wechsel-wirthschaft) must be em- 

 ployed where the existing field of plants for fodder, pastures, and meadows, 

 do not produce the fodder required to meet the demand, and the climate 

 too little favors the natural growth of grass ; so that either all the fodder or 

 a part of the same must be produced on the cultivated fields ; or where the 

 soil from the number of population has so high a value, that a person must 

 be contented with a small use of the same for a pasture, or of a small, more 

 productive meadow. 



11. Only in rare cases will one of these kinds of husbandry be used by 

 itself ; for the most part one is more or less joined with others, and a per- 

 son cultivates with the Field-husbandry (Felder-wirthschaft) also some 

 fodder on the tilled land, or with the Koppel-wirthschaft makes use also 

 of natural meadoivs and pastures. 



12. If a person has adopted a selection of gi'ain-plants for fodder and for 

 trade, suited to the nature of the climate, soil, and local situation of the 

 farm, and has fixed on the proportion in which the plants producing fodder 

 and straw, should stand to those which are not applied to the production of 

 manure, the order then must be given in which these plants should follow 

 one another on the field. 



13. The plants cultivated on the field must be so cultivated successively, 

 followinsf each other on the field, that those which will bear the most ma- 

 nure without suffering injury from it should come on the field in the first 

 year of the manuring, and later afterwards those which need more humus, 

 and later still those which are in a state to appropriate to themselves more 

 of the inorganic matter. Besides this, they must be so arranged, that the 



