128 ECONOMY OF FARMING. 



SECTION IV. 



or THE INNER DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 



1. The Inner Household (Hausehalt), or the doctrine of the organiza- 

 tion of the interior-husbandry, teaches the distribution of occupations 

 among many members of the farming establishment, the reciprocal duties 

 of the same, and the manner how one may obtain a clear insight and a 

 perfect conviction as to the profit or loss which proceeds from the various 

 branches of the farm. 



2. This doctrine divides itself, therefore, into three parts, of which the 

 first shows the distribution of occupations ; the next, the duties of employ- 

 ers and the laborers ; and the third, the mode of keeping the accounts of 

 husbandry. 



A. OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONS. 



1. The distribution of occupations in land-husbandry, is ordered on 

 the same general principles as in other business which employs many and 

 various laborers. 



2. When several large farms belong to the same proprietor, he or his 

 representative is fully occupied, if he plans the organization of the estates, 

 directs the mode of husbandry, watches that his directions are followed, 

 and reviews the Farm Accounts. 



3. The execution of the mode of husbandry adopted in general, belongs 

 to the Administrator, or head of the particular farm, from whom the Over- 

 seer receives the directions which the laborers carry out under his guidance 

 and inspection. 



4. In small farms the proprietor usually acts as Administrator, and in the 

 farms of the peasantry, puts his own hand also to the work. 



5. Every laborer must have a specific work assigned to him, which may 

 keep him sufficiently busy, and for which he is accountable. 



Thus one has the care of the horses, another of the oxen, the sheep, or the swine. 

 The maids must attend to the cows, the swine, the poultry, to the kitchen, &c. It is 

 well to commit to each hostler or herdsman, not only the cattle which he drives, as his 

 exclusive care, but also the tools he requires, as he will be more careful of the cattle 

 and tools if he is personally answerable for them. 



6. The occupations of the next day must be arranged on the evening 

 before, so that every man may be kept busy from early in the morning till 

 night, with the business assigned him. 



7. One must often satisfy himself whether the laborers begin and end 

 their work at the appohited time, and whether they properly perform it. 



B. OF THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND LABORERS. 



1. The mutual duties of employers and laborers, in the most limited 

 sense, consists in this, that the employer pays the laborer the wages agreed 

 on for his labor, and that the laborer fills up the time agreed on, in those 

 labors which he has bound himself to perform. 



2. But this relation only has place with respect to day-laborers, and 

 those who work by the job, of whose service we stand in need but for a 

 short time, and for a definite work. 



3. Between the employer and the domestics (Dienstboten) there is a 



