ECONOMY OF FARMING. ]29 



more social relation, that holds them closer together, and draws the latter 

 nearer to the former ; for as the employer must commit his whole employed 

 property to the domestics, so his profit requires him to cultivate their good 

 will, that they may be more diligent and upright, and concern themselves 

 to protect their employer from every loss. 



The domestics will take the most lively interest in the welfare of their employer, if 

 he is in every respect friendly, cares for them, and makes them feel as little as possi- 

 ble the difference between himself and them. They hate him if they see themselves 

 little regarded and badly treated ; then they labor only so far as compelled and an- 

 swerable, and injure and provoke him when they can. 



4. It is therefore not enough, that the employer fulfil his contract, i.e., give 

 the domestic (Dienstboten) the promised wages and the board agreed on ; 

 he must also treat him kindly, and take care of him if he is sick, or he will 

 be unfit for further labor in his service. 



5. The amount of wages will be governed by the value of money, the 

 number of those seeking work, and the kind of labor to be performed. 



In any country where money is plenty, there it is of less value, and the wages are 

 greater, as, for example, in England and Switzerland, the Netherlands, where they 

 give an hostler from 50 to 160 florins (%2b to $80), while with us he receives only 12 

 to 20 ($6 to $10). Where there are many domestics (Dienstboten) to be hired, the 

 work is proportionately cheaper than where there are few. During war, the wages 

 of a servant were with us about half as much again, and often even double those 

 at present. In peace there is a surplus of laborers. Such work as demands more 

 skill and art, as is just, is counted dearer than where mere bodily powers are requir- 

 ed ; wherefore, laborers that plough and sow are paid more than those who are em- 

 ployed merely to fodder the cattle ; cheese-makers higher than the simple cow-herd, 

 and the cook more than the kitchen-maid. 



6. Every domestic must receive every year the wages suited to his con- 

 dition, according to the customs of the country, so to appear decently clad, 

 and with economy to lay by something for time of need, without being 

 forced to give up all the enjoyments of life. 



7. Because the domestic must not be looked on as a stranger, but as a 

 member of the family ; therefore we must care not only for his support, 

 but also for his moral education. 



8. If order, morality, and a decided religious system be observed and 

 practised in the household, we shall have orderly, contented, and happy 

 domestics and laborers. 



In all countries where the land is much divided and cultivated by free proprietors, 

 assisted by domestics (Dienstboten) who live under the eye of their employer, and 

 are provided for by him, we find greater morality among the laboring class, than 

 where the Depulat or allowance-system is practised, or the day-laborer is left to take 

 care of himself 



9. The complaint made of domestics, that they are lazy, coarse, un- 

 skilful and unfaithful, proceeds in a great measure from the everywhere 

 neglected education of this class, and may be traced in part to the employ- 

 ers themselves, who are frequently coarse, immoral, ignorant, and niggard- 

 ly, and in no case a fit example for their servants, or justified in reproach- 

 ing them for things which may be recriminated on themselves. 



It is aside from the object of this work to speak of the different modes of leasing 

 landed property, and of the advantages or disadvantages connected with these 

 leased farms, since we only propose a manual of land husbandry, in which he who 

 manages a farm of his own, or under the direction of his employer, may find the 



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